Maternidade na adolescência: Contributos para uma abordagem desenvolvimental

As autoras começam por rever a investigação empírica acerca da maternidade na adolescência, especificamente as questões de natureza parenta], tradicionalmente centradas na comparação das mães adolescentes e adultas. São analisadas algumas das limitações que emergem deste tipo de investigação, salientando- se a necessidade de focalizar a atenção na variabilidade existente no seio do grupo das mães adolescentes e discutindo-se, em seguida, a inexistência de um quadro conceptual que organize os resultados produzidos pela investigação. Neste âmbito, é apresentado o contributo e as implicações no plano conceptual da abordagem desenvolvimental, para a compreensão desta variabilidade intra-grupo. Em seguida, discute-se a necessidade de perspectivar o fenómeno da maternidade adolescente como um processo de interacção social, apresentando-se para tal uma adaptação do modelo de Schellenbach, Whitman e Borkowski (1 992). Por último, discute-se o impacto do apoio social nas suas múltiplas facetas ao nivel da maternidade adolescente.ABSTRACT: The authors review the empirical research on adolescent parenting, traditionally focused on the comparison between adolescent and adult mothers. Some limitations of this kind of research are analysed, pointing out the need to focus on the intra-goup variability of adolescent mothers and the absence of a conceptual framework integrating the empirical results. Within this framework, the contributions and conceptual implications of the developmental perspective to the understanding of the intra-group variability are presented. Aftenvards, the need to conceive adolescent motherhood as a social interaction process is discussed, and an adaptation of the Schellenbach, Whitman and Borkowski (1 992) model of adolescent parenting is presented. Finally, the role of social support in adolescent motherhood is analysed in its different aspects.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cognitive-affective depression and somatic symptoms clusters are differentially associated with maternal parenting and coparenting

Both depressive and somatic symptoms are significant predictors of parenting and coparenting problems. However, despite clear evidence of their co-occurrence, no study to date has examined the association between depressive-somatic symptoms clusters and parenting and coparenting. The current research sought to identify and cross-validate clusters of cognitive-affective depressive symptoms and nonspecific somatic symptoms, as well as to test whether clusters would differ on parenting and coparenting problems across three independent samples of mothers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Adolescent mothers : adjustment to multiple roles and the importance of attachment

Tornar-se mãe na adolescência obriga a profundos realinhamentos na trajetória desenvolvimental indi- vidual. Partindo de uma amostra de trinta e oito mães adolescentes do Norte de Portugal, pretendeu-se com este estudo explorar o impacto da qualidade da organização de vinculação das adolescentes, avaliada durante a gravidez, na adaptação às mudanças de papéis decorrentes da maternidade. Seguindo uma perspetiva ecológica, foram igualmente contempladas medidas sociodemográficas e de suporte social. Os resultados revelam que a maioria das adolescentes evidencia um nível inferior de adaptação à nova configuração de papéis, verificando-se uma associação significativa entre o nível de adaptação conseguido e a qualidade da organização de vinculação da adolescente.Becoming a mother during adolescence implies huge rearrangements in terms of individual developmental pathway. Using a sample of 38 adolescent mothers from the north region of Portugal, this study aims at examining the importance of adolescent mothers ’ attachment organizations, assessed during pregnancy, in the adjustment to role changes imposed by motherhood. Following an ecological perspective on adolescent motherhood, sociodemographic and social support measures were also considered. Our results show that most adolescent mothers exhibit a lower level of adjustment towards the new configuration of roles. A statistically significant association between adolescent mothers ’ attachment and quality of adjustment was found

Validação psicométrica da Escala da Relação Coparental em mães portuguesas

The aim of the present study was to adapt and validate the Coparenting Relationship Scale —crs— in a sample of Portuguese mothers. The original version of this measure assesses in seven  subscales the four dimensions of coparenting described in the ecological model of coparenting.  The study was composed by a sample of 548 mothers having a heterosexual intimate relationship and with at least one child (under 18 years) from the current marital relationship. Using a confirmatory factor analysis, the final factor solution revealed a satisfactory adjustment, suggesting the construct validity of the crs, χ2 (372) = 828.5, ns, cfi = 0.95, nfi = 0.91 e rmsea = 0.04 (90 % ic = 0.04-0.05). The scale also showed coefficients of internal consistency between satisfactory and elevated in all subscales (Cronbach’s α between 0.70 and 0.94) and satisfactory values of convergent and divergent validity, obtained through correlational analysis of crs with other theoretically selected constructs. The results give initial support to the psychometric quality of the Portuguese version of crs.Keywords: Coparenting, mothers, validation, assessment.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la adaptación y la validación de la Escala de Relación Coparental —erc— en madres portuguesas. La versión original de la medida evalúa las cuatro dimensiones de la coparentalidad del modelo ecológico de la coparentalidad, a través de 7 subescalas. El estudio estuvo compuesto por una muestra de 548 madres en una relación íntima heterosexual y por lo menos un hijo con el actual compañero conyugal, con una edad inferior a 18 años. Probada a través de análisis factorial confirmatorio, la solución factorial final investigada  presentó un ajuste satisfactorio, lo que sugiere la validez de constructo de la erc, χ2 (372) = 828.5, ns, cfi = 0.95, nfi = 0.91 y rmsea = 0.04 (90 % ic = 0.04-0.05). La escala también presentó coeficientes de consistencia interna entre lo satisfactorio y lo elevado en todas las subescalas (α de Cronbach entre 0.70 e 0.94) y valores muy satisfactorios de validez convergente y divergente, obtenidos a través de análisis correlacionales de la erc con otros constructos teóricamente seleccionados. Los resultados dan soporte inicial a la calidad psicométrica de la versión portuguesa de la erc.Palabras clave: coparentalidad, madres, validación, evaluación.O presente estudo teve como objetivo a adaptação e a validação da Escala de Relação Coparental —erc— em mães portuguesas. A versão original da medida avalia as quatro dimensões da coparentalidade do modelo ecológico da coparentalidade, através de 7 subescalas. O estudo foi composto por uma amostra de 548 mães numa relação íntima heterossexual, e pelo menos um filho com o atual parceiro conjugal com uma idade inferior a 18 anos. Testada através de análise fatorial confirmatória, a solução fatorial final investigada apresentou um ajustamento satisfatório, o que sugere a validade de construto da erc, χ2 (372) = 828.5, ns, cfi = 0.95, nfi = 0.91 e rmsea = 0.04 (90  ic = 0.04-0.05). A escala também apresentou coeficientes de consistência interna entre o satisfatório e o elevado em todas as subescalas (α de Cronbach entre 0.70 e 0.94) e valores muito satisfatórios de validade convergente e divergente, obtidos através de análises correlacionais da erc com outros construtos teoricamente selecionados. Os resultados dão suporte inicial à qualidade psicométrica da versão portuguesa da erc.Palavras-chave: coparentalidade, mães, validação, avaliação

Efficacy indicators of four methods in outpatient addiction treatment

Background In Portugal, as far as we know, there are no recent studies that evaluated the comparative efficacy of therapeutic modalities in addiction problems by reference to a holistic and psychosocial model of effectiveness. Objectives Using a sample of Portuguese patients in outpatient treatment for drug and alcohol abuse, this study aimed to examine if a combined treatment modality (group therapy with individual intervention) had greater overall efficacy when compared to other three types of treatment without group therapy. Methods This is a correlational and cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of patients (N = 254) from an outpatient treatment in the Intervention Service on Addictive Behaviors and Substance Dependence. At the time of data collection, the patients were attending four types of treatment, such as receiving intervention based on individual psychological counseling (n = 66); receiving individual psychiatric counseling (n = 68); receiving both individual psychological and psychiatric counseling (n = 102); and receiving not only individual counseling (i.e., psychology or psychiatry), but also attending group therapy (n = 18). Results Using MANOVA and Wilks’s multivariate test criterion, there was a significant effect of treatment modality on the global efficacy, Λ = 0.88, F(9, 603) = 3.75, p < 0.0001. Examination of mean estimates indicated that patients in a combined therapeutic modality revealed more treatment involvement compared to patients in other therapeutic modalities without group therapy. Discussion The results obtained in this study highlight the importance of integrating interventions in a collaborative way. A combined therapeutic modality, adding group therapy, was associated with positive effects, such as more levels of peer support and involvement in treatment, and increasing the individual’s probability to remain abstinent

Addressing the complex links between psychopathy and childhood maltreatment, emotion regulation, and aggression-a network analysis in adults

Childhood maltreatment is the strongest predictor of psychopathology and personality disorders across the lifespan and is strongly associated with a variety of psychological problems, namely, mood and anxiety disorders, behavioral and personality disorders, substance abuse, aggression, and self-harm. In this study, we aim to provide a comprehensive picture of the interplay between different traits of psychopathy and distinct dimensions of childhood maltreatment, emotion regulation, and aggression. Using a cross-sectional design, we employed correlational network analysis to explore the nomological network of psychopathy and provide a sample-based estimate of the population parameters reflecting the direction, strength, and patterns of relationships between variables. The sample consisted of 846 adults (71% females) who completed questionnaires measuring psychopathy, childhood maltreatment, emotion regulation, and aggression. The results highlight that disinhibition traits of psychopathy are the closest attributes of early experiences of abuse (but not neglect) in childhood and correlate with all dimensions of emotion regulation difficulties, being specifically associated with reactive aggression. Neglect was a unique attribute in the nomological network of meanness, with widespread correlations with emotion regulation difficulties but also an increased ability to engage in goal-directed behavior. Physical abuse was the only dimension of childhood adversity that was found to be intercorrelated with boldness and increased emotional regulation was found in this psychopathic trait. No significant associations were found between boldness, meanness, and aggression once shared variance with disinhibition was controlled. These results are discussed in terms of their implication for research and clinical practice.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dealing With the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Portugal: On the Important Role of Positivity, Experiential Avoidance, and Coping Strategies

The global COVID-19 pandemic crisis has caused an unprecedented impact on most areas of people’s lives. Thus, framed within the scope of Existential Positive Psychology (PP2.0), this study aimed at assessing the psychological distress of adults living in Portugal during the first national lockdown, how they are coping with stress, as well to contribute to a deeper understanding about the role that positivity, experiential avoidance, and coping strategies have in psychological distress and well-being. For this purpose, 586 Portuguese adults (73% females) ranging between 18 and 78 years old (M = 38.96, SD = 12.20) completed an online survey during the initial phase of the pandemic crisis in Portugal. Findings suggest that experiential avoidance was the strongest predictor of a negative response (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness, and negative emotions), whereas positivity was a better predictor of psychological well-being and lower levels of depression. Additionally, self-blame, behavioral disengagement, and emotional venting were strong risk factors for psychological distress, whereas positive reframing, planning, and acceptance were associated with more positive outcomes. These findings highlight the critical role of experiential avoidance on individuals’ psychological distress and the essential contribution of positive life orientation in promoting flourishing. By offering a better understanding of the complex navigation through the dialectics between positive and negative life features, this study provides important and useful cues for psychological interventions directed at promoting a more positive and adaptive human functioning even through such potential adverse and painful life events

Violência psicológica no trabalho

VIII Congresso Iberoamericano de Avaliação/Evaluación psicológica - XV Conferência Internacional Avaliação Psicológica : formas e contextos, Lisboa, 2011De acordo com Organização Internacional do Trabalho (2004, in Graça, 2004), a violência no local do trabalho, a par do stress, álcool, tabaco, HIV/Sida, constitui um dos cinco riscos emergentes para a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores em todo o mundo. No entanto, o conceito de violência no trabalho, em especial o de violência psicológica, tem sido associado a diferentes designações (ex., assédio moral, vitimização no trabalho, mobbing, bullying), nem sempre consensuais na sua operacionalização e respectiva avaliação (Hirigoyen, 2002; Araújo, 2010), com implicações relevantes, por exemplo, ao nível dos estudos de prevalência. Para além disso, existe um desconhecimento da forma como a violência psicológica se expressa em diferentes grupos profissionais, como é o caso particular dos assistentes sociais. Os assistentes sociais são um dos grupos profissionais que mais estão em risco no que se refere à violência psicológica. O presente trabalho, apresenta: i) uma reflexão conceptual e ii) um estudo, a decorrer junto de assistentes sociais em Portugal e Israel que tem o objectivo particular de caracterizar a prevalência e a distribuição de violência exercida neste grupo profissional em serviços municipais, e analisar factores organizacionais e individuais que conduzem à violência psicológica. Serão discutidas implicações para a avaliação do fenómeno da violência psicológica no trabalho

SUPERVISÃO CLÍNICA, OUTCOMES CLÍNICOS E AUTOEFICÁCIA EM PSICÓLOGOS ESTAGIÁRIOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Research has shown that clinical supervision is associated with clinical outcomes in clients and therapeutic self -efficacy in trainees and therapists at the beginning of the profession. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the key -results of empirical studies that tested the association between supervision quality and clinical outcomes in clients and/or predictors self -efficacy in the trainee and inexperienced therapists and their moderators. Studies were sc reened a database (PsycInfo), published between January 2007 and May 2016. The titles, abstracts and keywords of the generated citations were independently reviewed by two investigators to consensually select the items. Of the 1081 screened articles, 11 m et the inclusion criteria. Significant positive associations were found between the quality of clinical supervision and clients’ clinical outcome and also with specific dimensions of self -efficacy in the trainee and inexperienced therapists (micro -skills, multicultural competence, satisfaction supervision and alliance supervision work, attachment, perceived autonomy support, anxiety, disclose and academic training). Implications for clinical supervision are discussed