UNLV New Horizons Band & The Las Vegas Flute Ensemble & The UNLV Community Band

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Presentation by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas: College of Fine Arts

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A Festschrift Recital: Celebrating Dr. Carol Kimball\u27s 36 Years at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas

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Processing of Ice Cloud In-Situ Data Collected by Bulk Water, Scattering, and Imaging Probes: Fundamentals, Uncertainties and Efforts towards Consistency

In-situ observations of cloud properties made by airborne probes play a critical role in ice cloud research through their role in process studies, parameterization development, and evaluation of simulations and remote sensing retrievals. To determine how cloud properties vary with environmental conditions, in-situ data collected during different field projects processed by different groups must be used. However, due to the diverse algorithms and codes that are used to process measurements, it can be challenging to compare the results. Therefore it is vital to understand both the limitations of specific probes and uncertainties introduced by processing algorithms. Since there is currently no universally accepted framework regarding how in-situ measurements should be processed, there is a need for a general reference that describes the most commonly applied algorithms along with their strengths and weaknesses. Methods used to process data from bulk water probes, single particle light scattering spectrometers and cloud imaging probes are reviewed herein, with emphasis on measurements of the ice phase. Particular attention is paid to how uncertainties, caveats and assumptions in processing algorithms affect derived products since there is currently no consensus on the optimal way of analyzing data. Recommendations for improving the analysis and interpretation of in-situ data include the following: establishment of a common reference library of individual processing algorithms; better documentation of assumptions used in these algorithms; development and maintenance of sustainable community software for processing in-situ observations; and more studies that compare different algorithms with the same benchmark data sets

Notch Activation Induces Endothelial Cell Cycle Arrest and Participates in Contact Inhibition: Role of p21(Cip1) Repression

Although previous studies demonstrate that appropriate Notch signaling is required during angiogenesis and in vascular homeostasis, the mechanisms by which Notch regulates vascular function remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that activation of the Notch pathway by the ligand Jagged1 reduces the proliferation of endothelial cells. Notch activation inhibits proliferation of endothelial cells in a cell-autonomous manner by inhibiting phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb). During cell cycle entry, p21(Cip1) is upregulated in endothelial cells. Activated Notch inhibits mitogen-induced upregulation of p21(Cip1) and delays cyclin D-cdk4-mediated Rb phosphorylation. Notch-dependent repression of p21(Cip1) prevents nuclear localization of cyclin D and cdk4. The necessity of p21(Cip1) for nuclear translocation of cyclin D-cdk4 and S-phase entry in endothelial cells was demonstrated by targeted downregulation of p21(Cip1) by using RNA interference. We further demonstrate that when endothelial cells reach confluence, Notch is activated and p21(Cip1) is downregulated. Inhibition of the Notch pathway at confluence prevents p21(Cip1) downregulation and induces Rb phosphorylation. We suggest that Notch activation contributes to contact inhibition of endothelial cells, in part through repression of p21(Cip1) expression