Multivariable hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of cancer according to tertiles of adherence to the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) in the EPIC-NL cohort.

1<p>All models were stratified by sex and cohort, and adjusted for age at baseline, body mass index, smoking status, education, physical activity, energy intake without energy from alcohol, and alcohol intake.</p>2<p>Models in women were additionally adjusted for menopausal status.</p>3<p>Smoking-related cancer included cancer of the lung, kidney, upper aero-digestive tract, stomach, pancreas, bladder, liver, and colorectal.</p>4<p>Alcohol-related cancer included cancer of the upper aero-digestive tract, breast, liver, and colorectal.</p>5<p>P for trend values were calculated using two-sided test for linear trend, treating the HDI categories as a continuous variable.</p

HR and 95% CI for overall cancer associated with increments in the components of the Healthy Diet Indicator (men and women combined).

1<p>The increment is a rounded number close to the s.d. of the component.</p>2<p>All models were stratified cohort, and adjusted for sex, age at baseline, body mass index, smoking status, education, physical activity, energy intake without energy from alcohol, and alcohol intake.</p>3<p>(en%) refers to the percentage of total energy intake excluding alcohol.</p><p>Abbreviations: s.d., standard deviation, m, milligrams, g, grams, en%, energy percentage, HR, hazard ratio, CI, confidence interval.</p

Baseline characteristics and number of incident cancers in the EPIC-NL cohort according to tertiles of adherence to the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI).

1<p>HDI (range 0–7 points) included 7 components: saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, fibre, fruits and vegetables and free sugars.</p>2<p>HDI tertiles: T1: <3 points; T2∶3 points; T3: >3 points.</p

Composition of the Healthy Diet Indicator¹ (HDI) used in analyses of cancer, based on the WHO's dietary guidelines for the prevention of chronic diseases.

1<p>HDI range was 0–7 points. Tertiles of adherence to the HDI was; T1: <3 points, T2∶3 points, T3: >3 points.</p>2<p>(en%) refers to the percentage of total energy intake excluding alcohol.</p><p>Abbreviations: mg, milligrams, g, grams, en%, energy percentage.</p