Innovation and job creation. A sustainable relation?

This study compares the employment growth patterns of innovative and non-innovative firms focusing on whether there are systematic differences in the persistence of the jobs created. Using data from a unique longitudinal dataset of 3,300 Spanish firms over the years 2002-2009, obtained by matching different waves of the "Encuesta sobre Innovación en las Empresas españolas” and adopting a semiparametric quantile regression approach, we examine employment serial correlation

Innovation and productivity in an S&T-intensive sector Information industries in Spain

This paper adds to the empirical literature on the relationships between R&D, innovation and productivity at the firm level. The focus is on Spanish enterprises in information industries, which are acknowledged to be at the forefront for both innovative activity and R&D performance

RIO country report 2015, Spain

The 2015 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Unio

The State and the Rural Economy in the People's Republic of China

SUMMARY Chinese rural policy, assisted by Mao Zedong's critique of Stalinism, has moved away from the policy of ‘squeeze’, from uncritical assumptions about economies of scale in farming, and from insistence on the necessity of the collectivisation of farm labour as opposed to agricultural infrastructure and agricultural planning. The emphasis is now on increasing peasant purchasing power, on family?scale farming, and on relationships of contract between farming families and state planners as represented by local authorities and parastatal cooperatives. RESUMEN El estado y la economía rural en la República Popular China La política rural China, apoyada en la crítica maoísta al estalinismo, ha abandonado la política de austeridad, así como las hipótesis acríticas sobre las economías de escala en las granjas y la insistencia en la necesidad de colectivizar el trabajo rural en oposición a la infraestructura y planificación agrícolas. Ahora se enfatiza el aumento del poder de compra campesino, la granja a escala familiar y las relaciones contractuales entre las familias de las granjas y los planificadores estatales, representados por las autoridades locales y las cooperativas paraestatales. RESUMES L'état et l'économie rurale dans la République Populaire de Chine La politique rurale chinoise, avec l'aide de la critique du Stalinisme de Mao Zeding, s'est éloignée de la politique de compression, des hypothèses dépourvues de sens critique sur les économies d'échelles de l'exploitation agricole, et de l'insistance de la nécessité de la collectivisation de la main d'oeuvre fermière par opposition à l'infrastructure agricole et à la planification agricole. Le point principal, maintenant, est l'augmentation du pouvoir d'achat des paysans, au niveau de l'exploitation agricole familiale, et les rapports contractuels entre les familles fermières et les planificateurs de l'état representés par les autorités locales et les co?opératives paraétatiques

Developing a Cooperative Monitoring Strategy for Lake Ontario: 2008 Intensive Year and Long-Term Sampling Design

Physical, chemical, and biological stressors have caused profound changes in the Lake Ontario ecosystem and its fish community during the last three decades. In the offshore, cultural eutrophication has been reversed and water quality has improved, but the resulting oligotrophication coupled with invasive species impacts has lowered the carrying capacity of offshore fisheries. Cultural eutrophication remains a problem in the coastal zone possibly exacerbated by altered nutrient cycling related to invasive species. Lake Ontario will likely experience additional ecosystem stress from invasive species, habitat alteration, new contaminants and increasing human populations, particularly in the western basin. These on-going disruptions in Lake Ontario’s ecosystem, coupled with declines in funding available for monitoring programs, poses a threat to our ability to understand and manage these changes. The U.S. – Canada Lake Ontario Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP) and its partner the Great Lakes Fishery Commission’s Lake Ontario Lake Committee (LOC) have responded by promoting collaborative monitoring approaches recognizing that the scale of multi-trophic level monitoring needed to fully characterize the status of the ecosystem is beyond the resources available to any one organization. The LaMP and LOC began by bringing together a wide range of government and university experts in 2003 to carry out the binational Lake Ontario Lower Aquatic Food Web Assessment project (LOLA), the first lakewide assessment performed since dreissenid mussels had become established. A fall 2005 workshop held to discuss LOLA’s results developed recommendations on how to improve collaborative Lake Ontario monitoring efforts. This 2008 Intensive Monitoring Year planning workshop is structured around these LOLA recommendations. The International Joint Commission’s Council of Great Lakes Research Managers’ financial support has been key to maintaining the momentum of these initial collaborative efforts. The findings of the LOLA project are available on the web at: http://epa.gov/glnpo/lakeont/lola/lola2006.pdf. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Environment Canada have established a long term five-year rotating cycle of special monitoring years for each of the Great Lakes with 2008 designated as the next intensive monitoring year for Lake Ontario. Ideally monitoring approaches and collaborative partnerships developed for 2008 could be maintained at a lower level of effort on an annual basis as well. Some of the major 2008 planning topics to be addressed in this workshop include: 1) Reassessing Lake Ontario’s lower food web. 2) Improving nearshore monitoring approaches. 3) Conducting a lakewide assessment of lake trout. 4) Coordinating lower food web and fishery assessments. 5) Exploring the use of new technologies to augment traditional sampling approaches. 6) Developing creative funding mechanisms and multi-party funding proposals. 7) Building new collaborative partnerships. It is unrealistic to think that these issues can be fully addressed in one workshop. However the workshop can be judged a success if key data needs, willing partners and broad sampling approaches are identified as a first step in developing a cooperative binational monitoring plan for 2008