Effects of listening to music in a precompetition routine on mood and performance

Members of a Division I university women\u27s rowing team ( n = 14) each performed three rowing tasks under three music conditions that asked the participants to use headphones to listen to self-selected music either, (1) not at all, (2) during their precompetition routine, or (3) during the rowing task. Positive and negative affect was assessed immediately prior to and after each task. Results indicated that mood did not differ across music conditions and was not affected by current music use or skill level (p\u27s \u3e .05). No significant differences in time to complete the tasks were found across the three music conditions ( p\u27s \u3e .05). However, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between pre-task positive affect and time under the preparation music condition (r = -.64, p \u3c .05), such that as positive affect before the rowing task increased, time to complete the task decreased

Description, Distribution, and Abundance of the Blue Crab, \u3ci\u3eCallinectes Sapidus\u3c/i\u3e (Rathbun), Spawning Stock of the Lower Chesapeake Bay

The lower Chesapeake Bay spawning stock of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, (Rathbun), is examined for seven years (1986 - 1992) in an attempt to better understand stock behavior. Three methods of post-stratification are used to describe the distribution and movement of the population over time. The three methods, density strata, geographic zones, and depth strata, did well in explaining movements of the population, indicating a trend of increased concentration of blue crabs near the eastern Bay late in the spawning season - October. The data suggest a bimodal period of spawning and a trimodal period of abundance. The spawning peaks are May and late August, with a larger peak of abundance from November to December. A mechanism to increase fecundity and protract the spawning season appears to exist during years of decreased spawning stock size. When these data were compared to commercial landings agreement was very good, creating for future fisheries management possibilities

Fecundity of Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, in Chesapeake Bay: Biological, Statistical and Management Considerations

Ovigerous blue crabs were collected from the mouth of Chesapeake Bay during the 1986 and 1987 spawning seasons. Mean carapace width was 14.7 cm; mean fecundity was 3.2×106 eggs. Fecundity was significantly related to carapace width, and did not vary significantly with developmental stage of the eggs. Mean fecundities were 2.6×106 eggs in 1986, and 4.0×106 eggs in 1987. An additive model with year and size effects described the observed fecundities reasonably well, was compact, and was easier to interpret than a multiplicative model. To fit a more general model without year effects, the authors took the mean of 1986 and 1987 results, and modeled fecundity as E=-2.25+0.38W, where E is predicted fecundity (106 eggs), and W is carapace width (cm)

Estimates of Spawning Stock Size of Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, in Chesapeake Bay, 1986-1987

The 1986 spawning stock exhibited a single abundance peak, increasing from 1.0×105 individuals in early July to 9.3×106 in late July, maintaining high levels throughout the summer, and declining in the fall to 7.4×105 individuals. The 1987 spawning stock showed 2 peaks of abundance. The population reached the lesser peak, 1.0×106 individuals, in late July; the greater peak, 1.5×106, in late August. By late September, the population had declined to 6.5×105 individuals. The peak abundance of the 1987 female spawning stock was only 16% as great as the peak abundance in 1986; the 1987 spawning stock size in 1986. Variability of this magnitude calls for continued monitoring and watchful management, to prevent fishing pressure from exceeding the reproductive capacity of the stock

The mounting of a skeleton of the fossil species Candiaceruus sp. II from Liko Cave, Crete, Greece

S'ha muntat un esquelet del cérvol pleistocènic endèmic de Creta per a la nova exhibició del Museu de Geologia de la Universitat d'Atenes. Aquest cérvol difereix de tots els cérvols continentals vivents i extingits, principalment en les seves proporcions. Les mesures i comparacions confirmen aquesta observació, però això no és prou com per a que el públic general se n'adoni del seu impacte. Per contra, un esquelet muntat deixa clar que aquest cérvol tertia uns membres considerablement escurçats, especialment els metàpodes, mentre que la llargària del cos, a la llargària de la columna vertebral, eren més aviat normals. La impressió global és més propera a la d'un bòvid nan insular, com ara Myotragus, que a la d'un cérvol petit, tal com Axis axis. El primer problema a resoldre fou la selecció de material. Ja que mai s'ha trobat un esquelet articulat complet, se n'ha de fer un de compost. Amb aquest motiu, només es varen seleccionar ossos de la classe de talla II (de Vos, 1979 ; Dermitzakis & de Vos, 1987) provinents d'un nivell d'una cova (cova de Liko, estrat B). D'aquesta manera es garanteix un interval geològic estret. Tot seguit, es varen mesurar tots els espècimens disponibles, i es va calcular el promig per a tots els elements. D'acord amb això, es va triar l'exemplar de cada element que més s'apropava a la mitjana calculada. Les peces dretes i esquerres havien de ser de la mateixa mida i robustesa, i els elements contigus havien de casar anatòmicament. Només en alguns casos s'ha hagut de recórrer a triar algun element que faltava a partir d'un llivell diferent, però mai a partir d'una cova diferent i mai a partir d'una classe de talla diferent. S'ha prioritzat la mida, la robustesa i l'ajustament anatòmic, i després que els ossos fossin complets i el color. Hi havia alguns peus articulats disponibles, encara que de mida i robustesa diferents, que s'han emprat per determinar les proporcions correctes i la posició correcta entre les falanges individuals, i els ossos carpians i tarsians. La mateixa cosa fou vàlida per a la columna vertebral. Per a l'establiment de la postura es van fer servir cérvols vivents com a comparació; per a l'extrapolació dels teixits tous (discos intervertebrals, cartílags de les articulacions) també es va recórrer al model dels cérvols vivents. De cara a amagar els bastiments de suport, es va inserir dins els ossos una armadura metàl-lica interna fent forats i fitxant-la amb goma de poliuretà. S'ha fabricat l'esquelet complet en parts modulars bones d'ajuntar pel seu transport fàcil a la mostra. Parts absents petites (principalment processos vertebrals, parts costals i les ales pèlviques) s'han reconstruït amb apoxy, en base a altres elements disponibles de Candiacervus de la cova de Liko a per interpolació del millor ajustament entre dues parts absents. Les traces de la matriu original han estat estretes, per a una impressió millor del material fòssil. Per completar l'esquelet s'ha fet una rèplica del crani de l'espècimen tipus de la classe de talla II de de Vos (1979) i una rèplica de l'espècimen tipus del banyam tipus I de de Vos (1984).For the new exhibition in the Museum of Palaeontology and Geology of the University of Athens a skeleton of the endemic Pleistocene Cretan deer was mounted. This deer differs from all known recent and extinct mainland deer, mainly in its proportions. Measurements and comparisons confirm this observation, but are not enough to make the public realize its impact. A mounted skeleton on the contrary makes it at once clear that this deer had considerably shortened limbs, especially the metapodals, whereas the body length and the vertebral column length are rather normal. The overall impression is closer to that of an insular dwarf bovid like Myotragus than to that of a small deer such as the spotted deer (Axis axis). The first problem to be tackled was the selection of the material. Since a complete articulated skeleton has never been found, a composite had to be made. For this purpose, only bones of size class II (de Vas, 1979; Dermitzakis & de Vas, 1987) coming from one layer of one cave (Liko Cave, layer El were selected. In this way a narrow geological range was assured. Subsequently, tile available specimens were measured, and of all elements the average size was calculated. Accordingly, of each element tile specimen that came tile most close to tile calculated average was selected. Left and right had to be of exactly the same size and robustness, and adjoining elements had to fit anatornically. Only in some cases a missing element had to be chosen from a different layer (layers C and Dl. but never from a different cave, and never from a different size class. Priority was first given to size, robustness and anatomical fitting, and next to completeness and colour. Several articulated feet were available, although of tile wrong size or robustness, which were used in determining the right proportions and right stance between individual phalanges, tarsal and carpal bones. The same was valid for tile vertebral column. For postural aspects, living deer were used as comparison; for extrapolation of soft tissue (intervertebral disks, articulation cartilage) also living deer stood model. In order to keep the supporting fabrication as hidden as possible, an internal metal armature was inserted in tile bones through drilled holes and fixed with polyurethane glue. The complete skeleton is fabricated in ready-to-assemble modular parts for easy transportation and reassembly on the spot. Minor missing parts (mainly vertebral processes, costal parts and tile pelvic wings) have been reconst: ructed in epoxy putty, based on other Candiaceruus elements from Liko or by interpolating the best fit between two existing parts. For a better impression of the fossil material, traces of tile original matrix were left on the bones. A cast of the skull of the type specimen of size II of de Vas (1979) and a cast of tile type specimen of antler type 1 of de Vas (1984) were made to complete the skeleton

Adaptive Water Resource Management for Taste and Odor Control for the Anderson Regional Joint Water System

2016 South Carolina Water Resources Conference South Carolina Water Resources at a Crossroads: Response, Readiness and Recover

A dwarf elephant and a rock mouse on Naxos (Cyclades, Greece) with a revision of the palaeozoogeography of the Cycladic Islands (Greece)during the Pleistocene

During the Late Pleistocene, Naxos and adjacent areas, including Delos and Paros, constituted a mega-island, here referred to as palaeo-Cyclades. The extensive low-lying plainswith lakes and rivers provided a suitable habitat for elephants. Due to long-term isolation from the mainland and mainland populations, these elephants evolved miniature size. The species found on Naxos had a body size of about ten percent of that of the mainland ancestor, Palaeoloxodon antiquus. During the glacial periods of the Late Pleistocene, P. antiquus may have migrated eastwards and southwards in search of better conditions and reached the islands. The dwarf species of the various Southern Aegean islands (e.g. Crete, Tilos, Rhodos, palaeo-Cyclades) are each the result of independent colonisation events. The very small size of the Naxos species respective to the dwarf elephants from Crete is explained as due to the lack of competitors. The only other elements of the contemporaneous fauna were a rock mouse (Apodemus cf. mystacinus) and a shrew (Crocidura sp.). Submergence of the area, climate change, volcanism, hunting by humans or a combination of these factors during the terminal Pleistocene may have caused the extinction of this endemic fauna

Neutrino Physics: Theory and Phenomenology

Various issues in neutrino phenomenology are reviewed, including: the possibility of large mixing angles in various models for neutrino masses, difficulties for degenerate neutrinos as candidates for hot dark matter, strategies for discriminating between different oscillation interpretations of the atmospheric and solar neutrino anomalies, the programme of work for long-baseline neutrino experiments, and the possible future option of a muon storage ring as a neutrino factory.Comment: 18 pages LaTeX, 10 eps figures, uses espcrc1.sty (included), Talk at PANIC 99, XVth Particles and Nuclei International Conference, Uppsala, June 199