The Determinants of Electricity Demands in Nigeria from 1970-2016 Error Correction Mechanism Approach

This research work seeks to examine the determinants for electricity demand in Nigeria via ADF, PP unit root testing and Johansen Co-integration techniques covering the period 1970-2015 with the objectives of ascertaining the relationship between electricity demand and economic growth. ELED was the dependent variables, while IPC, PPE, DU, PD, LD, NHP, NMP and ERP served as the independent variables. all the variables were stationary at first difference with ADF and PP, with the exception of ERP being at level. The study found the existence of a unique co-integrating relationship among the variables in the model using the trace statistics, which led us to determine the ECM, where three variables (PD, NMP, NHP) were significant at the short run, the remaining five (IPC, PPE, DU, LD, ERP) were not significant in the short run to explain ELED. The ECM coefficient divulges that the disequilibrium in the country is corrected at the speed rate of 118.8% annually, while all the coefficient of the independents variables conforms with the a prior expectations with 0.006384, 0.49117, 0.92357, 0.130045, 1.42573, 4.74446 for IPC, DU, PD, LD, NHP, NMP and ERP respectively. Prominent among the policy recommendation, is the need for government to undertake a guided process of liberalizing the electricity sector to allow new entrants into the market for competitiveness and improved efficiency as the insignificance of the electricity price. Keywords: Electricity Demand, Domestic Output, Economic Growth

Economic Growth Adjustment Rate to Financial Inflows Fluctuation, Case Study of Selected African Countries (1997-2016)

The purpose of this research paper was to investigate financial inflows on economic growth in eight (8) selected African countries. Data for the period: 1997-2016 from World Bank Data Indicator was used. This is necessitated by the doubts being raised as whether the huge inflows of foreign capital/finance in developing economies over the years have transmitted to real economic growth.  To investigate the impact of financial inflows, logged values of foreign direct investment(FDI), foreign Portfolio investment (FPI), overseas development assistance(ODA), migrant remittances (MR), gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), openness to international trade (OPN) were used as proxies while the log value of gross domestic product per capita (GDPP) proxied for economic growth. The study employed a cross-section random effect model on the longitudinal data for the selected eight African countries, while the Solow growth model serves as the theoretical framework. Augmented Dickey Fuller and Philip Perron tests were used to test for non-stationarity of the variables, while all variables were integrated of order one with exception of INFDI and INFPI which were at level. In addition, Johansen Cointegration test was employed to determine whether or not the variables were cointegrated. Error correction model was employed to estimate short- run and long run relationship. The study found that INODA was the only variable significant at Short run, while with the random effect test, only FPI has a positive but no significant impact on GDPP of the eight countries. While the Granger causal test posit that all the variables has both directional and bi-directional causal effect on GDPP, with the exception of INOPN and INGFCF. An enabling environment should be created in these countries to encourage more financial inflows, as this will help in closing the savings-investment gap and encourage economic growth in these countries. The study signifies that financial inflows is indispensable in closing the investment-savings gap required for economic growth of developing countries. Keywords: Financial Inflows, Afica, Panel Data, Conitegration, Granger Causalty And Ec

Profit Analysis of Fish Farming Enterprises in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria

Understanding the role of fish culture enterprises in our economy is critical for designing agricultural policies to increase productivity and enhance economic growth and to reduce poverty. The research investigated profit analysis of culture fish enterprises in Ikenne Local Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. This was achieved through random selection of 100 respondents. The method of analysis used was descriptive analysis to determine the socio economic characteristics of the fish farmers; budgetary analysis and profitability ratios was applied to examine profit level of the fish farmers. The results showed that 46% were men and 54% were women. Majority of the respondents (52%) were married and 48% were in the single category. It also revealed that farmers had at least primary education. 62% of the respondents had about less than 5 years experiences in the business, majority of farmers started their business with their own personal savings. The budgetary analysis shows that the gross margin of N50, 153,780 (125,384.45. Dollars) of the farmers and a net farm income of N49, 632, 580 (124,081.45. Dollars) of the respondents, which indicates that fish farming is profitable to the farmers in the study area. It was concluded that the venture is profitable to farmers, and it was recommended that young people mostly male should be encouraged to practice fish farming, and also involve in carrying out research on fish farming as this may help in solving the problem of food security and food sufficiency

Gender Analysis of Culture Fish Enterprises in Epe Local Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

Understanding the role that gender plays in fish culture enterprises is critical for designing agricultural policies to increase productivity and enhance economic growth and to reduce poverty. The research investigated gender analysis of culture fish enterprises in Epe Local Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. This was achieved through random selection of 149 respondents

Effect of Scent Leaf on Haematological Indices of Broilers

A 56-days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of Ocimiumm gratissimmum leaf meal on the haematological indices of broilers. The Ocimum gratissimmum leaves uses in the experiment were manually harvested, air-dried and milled to become Ocimum gratissimmum leaf meal. The Ocimum gratissimmum leaf meal was included in broiler starter to finisher diets at 0.50,100, and 150g levels respectively. One hundred and twenty unsexed day old broilers chicks Arbor acre broiler chicks were raised on self-compounded mash for eight were used. They were divided into 4 groups of 30 birds each and randomly assigned to the 4 experimental diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each group was sub-divided into 3 replicates of 10 birds each and each replicate housed in a cage fitted with necessary brooding facilities. Feed and water were given to them ad libitum for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, blood was collected from the birds, 3 per treatment and analyzed for haematological incides. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PVC) of birds were not significantly reduced (P<0.05) but were within considerate range normal for birds. The haematological parameters obtained from this suggest that dietary inclusion of Ocimum gratissimmum leaf meal has no deleterious effects on the internal physiology of broiler

Evaluation of the Nutritive Values of Carica Papaya Fruit peels as A Potential Ingredient in Livestock Nutrition

The nutritive values of the peels of ripe and unripe fruits of Carica papaya were assessed for their potential in livestock production. Proximate and phytochemical analyses, as well as vitamins and mineral contents of the ingredients, were determined. Data were subjected to a t-test for statistical analysis. The crude protein (CP) of ripe and unripe Carica papaya peels were 3.50% and 10.30%. The ripe Carica papaya peels had 26.20%, 3.05%, 15.03%, 3.71%, 52.22%, 2.44%, and 1,060.09Kcal/Kg of crude fiber, crude fat, ash content, moisture, carbohydrate, fatty acid, and energy respectively while the unripe Carica papaya peels contained 27.10%, 22.30%, 13.30%, 4.15%, 27.00%, 17.84% and 1,459.20Kcal/Kg of crude fiber, crude fat, ash content, carbohydrate, fatty acid, and energy respectively. The ripe Carica papaya peels had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for calcium (0.39%), potassium (0.40%) and iron (570mg/Kg). The ripe Carica papaya peels had significantly higher (p<0.05) values of saponin (9.69mg/100g) while the unripe peels had significantly higher values (p<0.05) for alkaloid (6.44mg/100g), hydrogen cyanide (0.57mg/100g) and tannin (86.90mg/100g. Ripe Carica papaya peels having significantly higher (p<0.05) values for vitamin B1 (1.67mg/100g) and vitamin B6 (1.80mg/100g) while the unripe Carica papaya peels had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for vitamin A (3360IU/Kg), vitamins B2 (0.45mg/100g), B3 (3.25mg/100g), B12 (0.92mg/100g) and C (9.78mg/100g). It is concluded that these products offer a good source of basic vitamins and minerals and hold potential for therapeutic use in livestock nutrition. Therefore, the inclusion of these ingredients should be encouraged in livestock production, especially in the industry of monogastric animals