The Bill of Rights: implications for South African schools ten years into democracy

Law reports prior to 1993 indicate that, de jure, school powers were not unlimited. The failure of schools to follow established procedures would result in occasional legal challenges and judgements against such schools. The imposition of the Bill of Rights in 1996, with its shift from parliamentary sovereignty to a constitutional democracy, made it crucial for South Africans to comprehend and accept this fundamental change, whose implications are currently playing themselves out in a variety of situations, including schools. Despite ten years of democracy there appears to be considerable lack of understanding of the Bill of Rights in the context of South African schools. The Bill’s application, conflicts among various rights, and differences between the constitution and majority views remain problematic issues

Volume prediction for concrete repair.

Concrete possesses inherently durable characteristics due to having chemical and dimensional stability in most environments. This leads to the perception that reinforced concrete structures are expected to be relatively maintenance free. Unfortunately this is not the case as recent years have shown increased emphasis on the repair and refurbishment of all types of concrete structures, in preference to demolition and rebuilding. New concrete repair methods and repair materials have been developed in order to keep up with the growing demand of the concrete repair industry. Diagnostic techniques are constantly upgraded in the hope of quantifying the extent and nature of the repair work to be undertaken. However, contract documents for concrete rehabilitation contracts are currently drawn up with a flexible approach, which is in favour of the contractor and not the client, as the volume and cost of the contract could escalate to unacceptable levels. This dissertation investigates the development of a new technique to accurately predict concrete repair volumes. Artificial neural networks, digital image processing and software creation is combined to achieve what can be seen as the first step towards a quicker and more accurate concrete repair volume estimation. Once implemented, this could result in a revolution of current quantity surveying techniques used for the estimation of quantities in concrete repair projects.Prof. P.C. Pretoriu

Weerstand van longitudinaal gesweisde vlekvrye staal buise teen interne druk en ander eksterne kragte en momente

M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering)The use of longitudinally welded tube are limited in certain sectors of industry due to the belief that seamless tubes are superior. The main objective of this study was to try and prove that sufficient resistance to internal pressure could be achieved by longitudinally welded type 304L stainless steel tubes, while subjected to various external forces. A knowledge of plasticity theory and failure criteria provides the basis of the different mechanisms of tube failure. Four different tests were performed using different external forces, while internal pressure was increased until failure occurred. It was found that test specimens failed after reaching acceptable pressures, irrespective of the external loading conditions

Chemiese kommunikasie : identifikasie van die vlugtige komponente uit die preorbitaalklierafskeidings van die grysduiker, (Sylvicapra grimmia) en die blouduiker, (Cephalophus monticola)

Proefskrif (Ph. D.) -- Universiteit van Stellenbosch, 1987.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record

Composite plaster cement-based electromagnetic wave absorber

The electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics of composite cement-based building material have attracted much interest in recent times. Researchers have mainly focused on the 2 GHz to 12 GHz frequency range. Mobile and wireless communication systems use frequencies from 800 MHz upwards. The determination of characteristics such as reflection loss, absorption, attenuation and shielding effectiveness are crucial in the evaluation and development of these materials for the building industry. Absorption is an indication of how much of the EMW energy enters the material. Attenuation indicates how much of the absorbed energy is converted into other forms of energy by the material. Shielding effectiveness (SE) is a combination of reflection loss, attenuation and multiple internal reflections and attenuations. This research determined these characteristics by measuring the S11 and S21 parameters of the composite cement-based material in the GSM and WiFi frequency bands. The time domain gating function of a vector network analyser is applied to measure the reflection from the material. The data was then used to obtain the reflection and absorption losses in the frequency bands. The transmission loss was measured by placing the sample in the propagation path between two antennas. MnZn-ferrite and electrolytic manganese dioxide in powder form were evaluated as absorber material to increase the permeability of the cement-based material to improve absorption and attenuation capabilities to create a cost-effective practical electromagnetic wave absorber. The compound of the cement-based material was cement, sifted river sand and filler powder. The results achieved in the research showed the uniqueness of electrolytic manganese dioxide as filler in composite cement based material for electromagnetic wave shielding effectiveness improvement. The combined measurement techniques used in this research were uniquely used to determine the required electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics and shielding effectiveness of 10 dB was measured in the GSM850 and GSM900 frequency bands.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.gm2014Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineeringunrestricte

Testing rural households' perceptions of different land tenure systems

This paper reports on a study of households in rural Venda to determine their perceptions of different land tenure systems and to determine their preference for an alternate land tenure system. Key households characteristics influencing rural households’ land tenure preference were also determined. The understanding rural households have of a preferred land tenure system, and its implied effects, were determined through log linear analysis. Although respondents mostly preferred individualized land tenure systems the implied effects of such land tenure systems were not fully understood.For more information on the Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa or subscription to Agrekon, visit http://www.aeasa.org.zahttp://www.aeasa.org.z

Reflections on a journalistic history-writing project of North-West University

There has been a significant growth in journalistic historical writing since the start of the new millennium. Its “popular history”-approach also appeals to conventional historians, as well as literary scholars. Recent publication Forging unity, the first ten years of North-West University, fits into this historiographical genre. In the execution of the project, the interpretation of the available evidence was bolstered by two strategies familiar to historians – the history of mentalities and the history of the present. The project confirms an epistemological overlap between journalism and historiography, but the disciplines pose theoretical and methodical challenges when they are used in concert. Some potential epistemological conflicts emanate from the context, while others emerge in an increasingly complex world in which both journalists and historians have been rethinking their understanding and representation of the past, present and future. In the article, the conundrum of historical and journalistic history comes under scrutiny in the field of corporate history, which, in itself, can pose a multitude of challenges to writing independent institutional history

The Bill of Rights: implications for South African schools ten years into democracy

Law reports prior to 1993 indicate that, de jure, school powers were not unlimited. The failure of schools to follow established procedures would result in occasional legal challenges and judgements against such schools. The imposition of the Bill of Rights in 1996, with its shift from parliamentary sovereignty to a constitutional democracy, made it crucial for South Africans to comprehend and accept this fundamental change, whose implications are currently playing themselves out in a variety of situations, including schools. Despite ten years of democracy there appears to be considerable lack of understanding of the Bill of Rights in the context of South African schools. TheBill’s application, conflicts among various rights, and differences between the constitution and majority views remain problematic issues

Veralgemeende Sylvester-Gallai Stelling

Ons gee 'n algoritmiese bewys vir die kontrapositief van die volgende stelling wat onlangs deur die outeurs bewys is: Laat S 'n eindige versameling van punte in die vlak wees, met elke punt rooi, blou of met beide kleure gekleur. Veronderstel dat daar vir enige twee verskillende punte A en B in S wat 'n kleur k deel, 'n derde punt in S is wat (o.a.) die kleur anders as k het en wat saamlynig met A en B is. Dan is al die punte in S saamlynig. Hierdie stelling is 'n gemeenskaplike veralgemening van die Sylvester-Gallai Stelling en die Motzkin-Rabin Stelling. ENGLISH: We give an algorithmic proof for the contrapositive of the following theorem that has recently been proved by the authors: Let S be a finite set of points in the plane, with each point coloured red, blue or with both colours. Suppose that for any two distinct points A and B in S sharing a colour k, there is a third point in S which has (inter alia) the colour different from k and is collinear with A and B. Then all the points in S are collinear. This theorem is a generalization of both the Sylvester-Gallai Theorem and the Motzkin-Rabin Theorem