36 research outputs found
Optimal time for contractors to enter infrastructure projects
involvement (ECI) is a project delivery method where the goal is to include construction knowledge into the design phase. This isdone by procuring the contractor during the design phase of a project. There are different approaches to which time the contractoris introduced. This research paper aims to investigate the optimal time for contractors to enter infrastructure projects. In order todo this, an empirical study was conducted, where interviews were held with nine representatives from an ongoing ECI project inSweden. The studied project was procured by the Swedish Transport Administration, and the contractor entered the project at thebeginning of the design phase, before a land acquisition plan had been developed. This is the first time in Sweden that a contractorhas been procured this early in a road project. The findings from the interviews show that responsibility, understanding, innovation,risk management, relationship-building and implementation are the aspects that have been affected due to ECI. By analyzing anddiscussing the results, it was concluded that involving the contractor as early as in the studied case has been beneficial, and thatinvolving the contractor as early as possible in infrastructure project is favorable
Utveckling av instrument för analys av benÀmningsförmÄga i skrift för personer med afasi, resultat frÄn en referensgrupp
Intracerebral Microvascular Measurements during Deep Brain Stimulation Implantation using Laser Doppler Perfusion Monitoring
â Experimental studies
On optical methods for intracerebral measurements during stereotactic and functional neurosurger
On optical methods for intracerebral measurements during stereotactic and functional neurosurgery : Experimental studies
Radio frequency (RF) lesioning and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are the two prevailing surgical treatments for movement disorders within the field of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. For RF-lesioning, a small volume of brain tissue is coagulated and knowledge of the lesion size and growth is of great importance for the safety and outcome of the procedure. This thesis deals with adapting the laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM) technique for measurements in brain tissue during RF-lesioning. The relation between LDPM signal changes and developed lesion size was investigated. LDPM measurements were evaluated both in vitro (albumin protein solution) and in vivo in the porcine brain during RF-lesioning corresponding to a bilateral thalamotomy in man. The investigated signals from the LDPI measurements can be used for following the lesioning time course and to detect if a lesion was created, both in vitro and in the animal model. For the albumin model, both the total backscattered light intensity and the perfusion signal can be used as markers for estimating the final coagulation size, while in the animal model this conclusion was not statistical verified. Independent on surgical method, RF-lesioning or DBS, intracerebral guidance is an important aspect within stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. To increase the accuracy and precision of reaching the correct target, different methods for intracerebral guidance exist, such as microelectrode recording and impedance methods. In this thesis, the possibility of developing an optical intracerebral guidance method has been investigated. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy served as technology and all measurements were performed stereotactically in both porcine and human brain. Measurements of white and gray matter showed large differences, with higher reflectivity for white brain matter, both in porcine and in human brain. For the human measurements during DBS-implants, large differences between white matter and functional targets were found. Additionally, differences between native and lesioned porcine brain matter were detected. Both studies support the idea of using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for developing an intracerebral guidance method
On optical methods for intracerebral measurements during stereotactic and functional neurosurgery : Experimental studies
Radio frequency (RF) lesioning and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are the two prevailing surgical treatments for movement disorders within the field of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. For RF-lesioning, a small volume of brain tissue is coagulated and knowledge of the lesion size and growth is of great importance for the safety and outcome of the procedure. This thesis deals with adapting the laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM) technique for measurements in brain tissue during RF-lesioning. The relation between LDPM signal changes and developed lesion size was investigated. LDPM measurements were evaluated both in vitro (albumin protein solution) and in vivo in the porcine brain during RF-lesioning corresponding to a bilateral thalamotomy in man. The investigated signals from the LDPI measurements can be used for following the lesioning time course and to detect if a lesion was created, both in vitro and in the animal model. For the albumin model, both the total backscattered light intensity and the perfusion signal can be used as markers for estimating the final coagulation size, while in the animal model this conclusion was not statistical verified. Independent on surgical method, RF-lesioning or DBS, intracerebral guidance is an important aspect within stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. To increase the accuracy and precision of reaching the correct target, different methods for intracerebral guidance exist, such as microelectrode recording and impedance methods. In this thesis, the possibility of developing an optical intracerebral guidance method has been investigated. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy served as technology and all measurements were performed stereotactically in both porcine and human brain. Measurements of white and gray matter showed large differences, with higher reflectivity for white brain matter, both in porcine and in human brain. For the human measurements during DBS-implants, large differences between white matter and functional targets were found. Additionally, differences between native and lesioned porcine brain matter were detected. Both studies support the idea of using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for developing an intracerebral guidance method
Revisionens digitala transformering stÀller nya krav pÄ utförandet
Sammanfattning Titel: Revisionens digitala transformering stÀller nya krav pÄ utförandet Författare: Johan Antonsson, Lisa Haack och Johan Paulsson Program: Ekonomprogrammet - inriktning redovisning och ekonomistyrning Handledare: Petter Boye Institution: Ekonomihögskolan pÄ Linnéuniversitetet i Kalmar  Inledning: I mÄnga Är har digitaliseringen tagit allt mer plats i samhÀllet, bÄde hos individen men Àven företagen. Arbetsmarknaden har förÀndrats dÄ arbeten försvunnit, men Àven nya uppkommit. Inom revisionsbranschen anvÀnds nya affÀrssystem som ska underlÀtta för revisorn och dÀrmed öka produktiviteten i arbetet. De nya affÀrssystemen kommer dock Àven med risker, de kan vara svÄrförstÄeliga, tidskrÀvande eller öppna upp för informationsstöld.  Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att förklara hur digitaliseringen har pÄverkat arbetsmetodiken och pÄ sÄ vis hur riskerna inom revisionen förÀndrats. VÄr förhoppning Àr att resultatet ska leda till att revisionsbranschen och revisionens intressenter fÄr en ökad förstÄelse för Àmnet.  Metod: Vi har anvÀnt en abduktiv ansats för att kunna öka förstÄelse för vÄrt Àmne. För att kunna fördjupa oss i Àmnet anvÀndes en kvalitativ metod dÀr yrkessamma revisorer intervjuades för att vi skulle kunna uppfylla studiens syfte. Det motiveras Àven varför vi anvÀnt just de kÀllor vi valt samt kritik mot dem.  Slutsats: Vi kom fram till att arbetsmetoden underlÀttas dÄ nya analysverktyg hjÀlper revisorn i sitt vardagliga arbete. Det har lett fram till att revisionsriskerna sÀnkts dÄ programmen kan stÄ för en stor del av arbetet och revisorn bara behöver lite manuell handpÄlÀggning. DÀremot förutsÀtter det att revisorn besitter en viss IT-kunskap för att revisionsriskerna ska sÀkerstÀllas som minskade. Om IT-kunskapen inte finns förhöjs riskerna istÀllet, vilket i framtiden kan bli ett mera aktuellt problem. Vi tror att kraven för att bli auktoriserad revisor kan komma behöva förÀndras.Abstract Title: The audit's digital transformation requires new demands on the execution Authors: Johan Antonsson, Lisa Haack and Johan Paulsson Program: Ekonomprogrammet - inriktning redovisning och ekonomistyrning Advisor: Petter Boye Institution: Ekonomihögskolan pÄ Linnéuniversitetet i Kalmar  Introduction: For several years digitalization has taken increasingly more room in the society, both for the individual and for the company. The labor market has changed because work has disappeared but new jobs have also been created. Within the accounting profession new ERP systems are being used to make the work easier for the auditor and thereby increase the productivity in the work. The new ERP systems comes with new risks, they can be hard to understand, time consuming or opening up avenues for information thefts.  Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to explain how digitalization has impacted the work process of auditers and how the risks have changed in the auditing process.  Method: We have used an abductive approach to be able to increase our understanding for the subject. To deepen our understanding of the subject we used a qualitative method where auditors were interviewed. We also discuss why we have chosen the sources we chose and critique against them.  Conclusion: Our conclusion is that the work process has become easier due to new analyzing programs which helps the auditor in their daily work. This has led to a decrease in auditing risk because the programs can do a lot of the work and the auditor only need to do some of the manual work. However, this requires that the auditor possess some IT knowledge, otherwise the auditing risk canŽt be ensured to be decreased. If the IT knowledge doesnŽt exist the risks will increase instead, which in the future might become a more important problem. We believe that the qualifications required to become an authorized auditor may need to change for the future
Skillnaden i det dorsala böjmomentet vid MTP, utan rullsula och med tvÄ olika styvheter pÄ rullsulan
Bakgrund: Rullsulor anvĂ€nds för att kompensera för ledstelhet, förbĂ€ttra avveckling av steget, minska höga tryck plantart och minska böjningen vid tĂ„lederna. Det finns dock fĂ„ studier som undersöker om rullsulan verkligen minskar ledrörlighet i framfoten. Det saknas Ă€ven information för betydelsen av rullsulans styvhet för böjmomentet av framfoten, vid avvecklingen av steget.  Metod: Fem friska kvinnor (n=5) gick med tre olika par skor, tvĂ„ par var modifierade med en likadan rullsula med olika styvheter och ett par utan rullsula. Fem upprepade mĂ€tningar för de tre olika skorna samlades in för alla deltagare. Det dorsala böjmomentet analyserades med sensorsulan (VebitoSCIENCE) som ersatte skons innersula.  Resultat: Det dorsala böjmomentet minskade för samtliga deltagare med en rullsula. Signifikant minskning av det dorsala böjmomentet vid MTP 1, för alla deltagare, nĂ€r den styva rullsulan jĂ€mfördes med utan rullsula (94,4 â 20,1 Nmm) och mellan styv och flexibel rullsula för deltagare 1,2, 4 & 5 (68 â 22,2 Nmm).  Konklusion: Det dorsala böjmomentet minskade signifikant för MTP1 och MTP5 nĂ€r en rullsula anvĂ€ndes av friska kvinnor. Studien har ocksĂ„ visat att en styv rullsula har en betydelse för att uppnĂ„ ett minskat dorsalt böjmoment vid MTP.Background: Rocker soles are used to compensate for joint stiffness, reduce high plantar pressure and reduce the bending of the toe joints. Despite this, few studies have investigated if the rocker shoe really reduce the joint movement at the forefoot. There is also a lack of information regarding the importance of the rocker shoes stiffness for the bending moment of the forefoot, at the third rocker.  Method: Five healthy women (n=5) walked with three different pairs of shoes, two pairs were modified with the same rocker shape with different stiffness and one pair without a rocker. Five repeated measurements for the three different shoes were collected for all the participants. The dorsal bending moment was analyzed with a sensor sole (VebitoSCIENCE) that replaced the shoes insole.  Result: The dorsal bending moment was reduced for all participants with a rocker shoe. Significant reduction of the dorsal bending moment at MTP1, for all participants, when the stiff rocker was compared to the shoe without rocker (94,4 â 20,1 Nmm) and between the stiff and flexible rocker for participants 1,2,4 and 5 (68 -22,2 Nmm).  Conclusion: The dorsal bending moment was significantly reduced for MTP 1 and MTP 5 when a rocker shoe was used by healthy women, the study has also shown that the stiffness has an importance in order to achieve a reduction of the dorsal bending moment at MTP
Street-level bureaucrats at the Migration board : A quantitative study about the staffâs working conditions during the Migrant crisis
Media have reported frequently about tough working conditions at the Swedish migration board for several years. The aim of this study was to investigate how the current migrant crisis has affected the migration board staffâs ability to practice their daily work. More specifically its aim was to find out how the crisis has affected the staffâs ability to uphold the law in the administration procedure and how they relate to the migration boards goals, caseload and resources. The study was based on a quantitative method with surveys delivered to the migration boardâs staff and later analyzed with Lipskyâs theory about street-level bureaucracy. The results indicate that migration board staff experience problems to some extent with upholding the law in administration and with high caseloads and inadequate resources
Kontroll inom offentliga sektorn - en beskrivande studie hur kontroll praktiseras och uppfattas i FörsÀkringskassan VÀstra Götalands lÀn
Titel: Kontroll inom den offentliga sektorn â en beskrivande studie hur kontroll praktiseras och uppfattas i FörsĂ€kringskassan VĂ€stra Götaland
Bakgrund och problem: Sverige har den största vÀlfÀrdsstaten i vÀrlden, mÀtt som andel av BNP. Resurseffektivitet i den offentliga sektorn torde sÄledes vara i varje medborgares intresse. Avsaknad av vinstmÄl gör styrningen mer komplex. Detta vÀcker frÄgan huruvida andra mÄtt existerar och hur olika styrverktyg praktiseras i syfte att uppnÄ kontroll.
Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att, genom empiriska studier, undersöka och beskriva hur kontroll praktiseras pÄ operativ nivÄ respektive uppfattas pÄ strategisk nivÄ i FörsÀkringskassan VÀstra Götalands lÀn.
AvgrÀnsningar: Fokus för studien Àr den offentliga sektorn vilken representeras av FörsÀkringskassan VÀstra Götalands lÀn. Kontroll diskuteras utifrÄn fyra vedertagna styrverktyg.
Metod: Studiens förhÄllningssÀtt Àr en interaktiv syn, dÀr aktörssynsÀttet interagerar med systemsynsÀttet. Empiriskt material har inhÀmtats genom kvalitativa intervjuer, dÀr sju personer med olika befattningar och hierarkiska nivÄer har intervjuats.
Resultat och slutsatser: Generellt har den strategiska nivÄn och den operativa nivÄn olika uppfattningar och tillskriver kontroll olika innebörder. Detta föranleder att kontroll Àr komplext. Vidare anvÀnder organisationen olika modeller för att uppnÄ kontroll. Modellerna tillmÀts olika roller för olika aktörer.
Förslag till vidare forskning: Slutsatsen av den empiriska studien visar att olika tolkningar föreligger mellan operativ och strategisk nivÄ. Bakomliggande orsaker till detta faktum Àr dock inte besvarade i denna studie. Att studera sprÄkets betydelse för skillnaderna i mÀnniskors tolkningar Àr en god utgÄngspunkt för att förstÄ hur verkligheten ter sig för olika mÀnniskor. Huruvida aktörerna har samma tolkning av begrepp Àr dÀrför ett intressant uppslag till fortsatta studier