Magnetometer and direct-current resistivity studies in Alaska

During the past year and a half, the territorial Department of Mines in Alaska has conducted a modest experimental program for the purpose of determining the extent to which magnetic and resistivity methods can be used in interior Alaska in connection with prospecting, mining and geological studies. Since little information is available concerning previous work, and since conditions differ considerably from those in most other regions, it was considered advisable to make a general study of the possibilities and limitation[s] of the two methods, rather than a detailed study of any single problem.Foreword -- Problems -- Instruments and methods -- Location of buried placers -- Thawed and permanently frozen overburden -- Underground water -- Conclusions -- References

Geophysical Exploration in Alaska

Progress since 1928 is reviewed in the study of permafrost and related phenomena, geothermal investigations, sedimentary geology and oil exploration, metalliferous lodes, radioactive minerals and volcano research. Problems for future research are indicated: the distribution, physical properties, and origin of permafrost; its relation to climate, vegetation, and animal life; its effect on human activity; and the development of equipment for use in low temperatures. Need is stated for magnetic and electrical investigations in which the modifying effects of the earth's crustal rocks are taken into account

The Coastal Barrier Island Network (CBIN): Future management strategies for barrier islands

Barrier islands are ecosystems that border coastal shorelines and form a protective barrier between continental shorelines and the wave action originating offshore. In addition to forming and maintaining an array of coastal and estuarine habitats of ecological and economic importance, barrier island coastlines also include some of the greatest concentrations of human populations and accompanying anthropogenic development in the world. These islands have an extremely dynamic nature whereby major changes in geomorphology and hydrology can occur over short time periods (i.e. days, hours) in response to extreme episodic storm events such as hurricanes and northeasters. The native vegetation and geological stability of these ecosystems are tightly coupled with one another and are vulnerable to storm-related erosion events, particularly when also disturbed by anthropogenic development. (PDF contains 4 pages

μὴ διακρίνων τ̀ο σω̑υα (Mē diakrinōn to sōma (romanized form)

The purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of Paul\u27s expression μὴ διακρίνων τ̀ο σω̑υα in 1 Cor.11:29. The basic task is exegetical, but the concern which promted the research is the pragmatic concern of meaning in use. This paper will, therefore, begin with a careful study to determine, as best as is possible, what Paul meant when he wrote the words in question. It will conclude with an analysis and evaluation of past and present application of 1 Cor. 11:29 and its context

The effect of temperature upon the crystal size and physical properties of iron and steel

This investigation was deemed of sufficient merit to require the work of two terms. It naturally is divided into two parts, i.e., the effect that temperature has upon the crystal size; and the effect that temperature has upon the physical properties of iron and steel --page 3

Metallurgy of steel castings

This Thesis is in the form of a report of the observations of the author while working in the American Steel Foundries plants in various departments. The parts of the report dealing the Moulding and Inspection of castings were written while in the Indiana Harbor Indiana plant. The parts dealing with the Laboratory and Furnace Operation were written while in the Granite City, Illinois plant. The company owns and operates six other plants but the material covered in this report will, in a general way cover the operations in these plants, also, in which foundry work is carried on --Introduction, Page 6

The role of Pax2 in mouse prostate development

BACKGROUND Loss‐of‐function of Pax2 results in severe defects of the male reproductive system, and Pax2 expression is detected in mouse prostate lobes and human prostatic cancers. However, the role for Pax2 in prostate development remains poorly understood. METHODS The expression of Pax2 was examined by in situ hybridization at various developmental stages. Urogenital sinuses were dissected out at E18.5 from mouse Pax2 mutants and controls, cultured in vitro or grafted under the renal capsule of CD1 nude mice. The expression of prostate developmental regulatory factors was analyzed by semi‐quantitative real‐time PCR or immuohistochemistry. RESULTS Pax2 is expressed in the epithelial cells of prostate buds. Loss‐of‐function of Pax2 does not affect the initiation of prostatic buds, but in vitro culture assays show that the prostates of Pax2 mutants are hypomorphic and branching is severely disrupted compared to controls. RT‐PCR data from Pax2 mutant prostates demonstrate increased expression levels of dorsolateral prostate marker MSMB and ventral prostate marker SBP and dramatically reduced expression levels of anterior prostate marker TGM4. CONCLUSIONS Pax2 is essential for mouse prostate development and regulates prostatic ductal growth, branching, and lobe‐specific identity. These findings are important for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms in prostate development. Prostate 72:217–224, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89567/1/21424_ftp.pd

Dickkopf-1 expression increases early in prostate cancer development and decreases during progression from primary tumor to metastasis

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) frequently metastasizes to the bone and induces osteoblastic lesions. We previously demonstrated through over-expression of the Wnt inhibitor dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) that Wnts contribute to the osteoblastic component of PCa osseous lesions in vivo. METHODS To test the clinical significance of DKK-1 expression during PCa progression, tissue microarrays were stained for DKK-1 protein by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS DKK-1 expression index (EI) was found to increase in PIN and primary lesions compared to non-neoplastic tissue (106 ± 10 vs. 19 ± 6, respectively, where the EI is the product of the percent expression and staining intensity). DKK-1 expression was also found to be higher in all PCa metastatic lesions (56 ± 21 EI) compared to non-neoplastic tissues but was significantly decreased versus primary PCa lesions ( P  < 0.008). The decline in DKK-1 correlated with a shift of Β-catenin staining from the nucleus to the cytoplasm suggesting possible mechanism for the observed decrease in DKK-1 levels during PCa progression. Within metastatic lesions, DKK-1 expression was least abundant in PCa bone metastases relative to all soft tissue PCa metastatic lesions except lymph node metastases. High DKK-1 expression within PCa metastases was further associated with shorter over-all patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that elevated DKK-1 expression is an early event in PCa and that as PCa progresses DKK-1 expression declines, particularly in advanced bone metastases. The decline of DKK-1 in bone metastases can unmask Wnts' osteoblastic activity. These data support a model in which DKK-1 is a molecular switch that transitions the phenotype of PCa osseous lesions from osteolytic to osteoblastic. Prostate 68: 1396–1404, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60894/1/20805_ftp.pd

Seismic Reflection Study of Upheaval Dome, Canyonlands National Park, Utah

The origin of Upheaval Dome, in Canyonlands National Park of southeastern Utah, has been a topic of controversy among geologists and planetary scientists. The structure has long been thought to have been created by salt diapirism from the underlying Paradox Formation. Recent studies have suggested that impact could have formed the dome. To test the various hypotheses, we acquired, processed, and interpreted seismic reflection data within and adjacent to the structure. Both conventionally stacked and prestack-migrated images show \u3c100 m relief in the Paradox Formation, contrary to salt diapirism hypotheses. Further, we have identified features within the images typical of impact structures, such as listric normal faults having displacements toward the center of the dome. Deformation occurs in two depth ranges, with the faulting that created the central uplift appearing only above the Hermosa Formation, in the upper 800 m of the structure. The images also suggest limited fracturing of the Hermosa and salt flow in the Paradox Formation, perhaps due to gravitational relaxation of the crater form. Our image of a nearly flat top of the Paradox salt strongly favors an impact origin for Upheaval Dome