Mainstreaming Politics: Gendering Practices and Feminist Theory

This book offers an innovative rethinking of policy approaches to ‘gender equality’ and of the process of social change. It brings several new chapters together with a series of previously published articles to reflect on these topics. A particular focus is gender mainstreaming, a relatively recent development in equality policy in many industrialised and some industrialising countries, as well as in large international organisations such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the International Labour Organization. The book draws upon poststructuralist organisation and policy theory to argue that it is impossible to ‘script’ reform initiatives such as gender mainstreaming. As an alternative it recommends thinking about such policy developments as fields of contestation, shaped by on-the-ground political deliberations and practices, including the discursive practices that produce specific ways of understanding the ‘problem’ of ‘gender inequality’. In addition to the new chapters Bacchi and Eveline produce brief introductions for each chapter, tracing the development of their ideas over four years. Through these commentaries the book provides exciting insights into the complex processes of collaboration and theory generation. Mainstreaming Politics is a rich resource for both practitioners in the field and for theorists. In particular it will appeal to those interested in public policy, public administration, organisation studies, sociology, comparative politics and international studies

The Politics of Disciplinary Advantage

Interdisciplinary work avoids specialisation's growing fragmentation, but it also loses the political advantage of setting criteria and patrolling boundaries. Research that faces the challenge of bringing together concepts from several areas (e.g. in deep ecology, health studies, and natural resource management) is often criticised for blurring distinctions, for being unscientific, and for being conceptually trite. In addition, disciplinary work produces advantages for its practitioners which those who attempt more open approaches rarely enjoy. Besides epistemic authority and public legitimacy, such advantages include a degree of control over resources, clearer standards for publishing, and a critical mass of disciplined members who protect the turf of their specialisation. How can interdisciplinary work in future best play the political game? Should interdisciplinary scholars be between the boundaries of other areas, exhorting those protected within to choose relevance and come out and do as we do? Do we need boundaries for interdisciplinary work, carefully and vigorously controlled, so that we too can form distinctions based on criteria for methodological rigour? Is there a place for full theoretical awareness of what distinguishes interdisciplinary work? If interdisciplinarity is to mobilise support, does it need, just like any discipline, its own self-regulating guild

PERAN ORGANISASI PENGUSAHA DALAM HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL PADA INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran organisasi pengusaha terhadap sarana hubungan industrial. Adapun metode penelitian sekunder dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang digunakan dalam penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan organisasi pengusaha memiliki tujuan berupa membagikan harga, membagikan data akuntansi biaya, protess secara Bersama, penjualan antar anggota, menentukan standardisasi produk, membagikan informasi kredit, melakukan riset bersama dan penetapan biaya akomodasi. Simpulan dari penelitian ini Hubungan industrial merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam suatu perusahaan untuk meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan tersebut. Organisasi Pengusaha merupakan salah stau sarana Hubungan industrial yang mempunyai fungsi untuk menciptakan kemitraan, mengembangkan usaha, memperluas lapangan kerja, dan memberikan kesejahteraan pekerja. Salah satu organisasi pengusaha di Indonesia adalah APINDO

IMPLEMENTASI DIGITAL MARKETING PADA UMKM THEORYBAKES DI KOTA BATAM

Pada penelitian ini peneliti akan membantu UMKM Theorybakes dalam mengembangkan strategi pemasaran digital yang diperlukan untuk lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat. Stategi pemasaran digital merupakan sebuah cara untuk mempromosikan produk atau menyebarluaskan informasi mengenai produk kemasyarakat dengan menggunakan teknologi yang ada pada saat ini. Sumber data dapat diperoleh dari data primer. Data primer merupakan data yang diperoleh dari peneliti sendiri dan ada beberapa cara memperoleh data tersebut, metode yang paling sering digunakan dan di temui adalah wawancara. Peneliti akan melakukan wawancara pada pemilik UMKM untuk mengetahui apa saja bentuk pemasaran digital yang diperlukan untuk di implementasikan.

PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN OPERASIONAL PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR (PT. UNILEVER)

Manajemen operasional sangat berperan penting bagi semua jenis industri, salah satunya manufaktur. Perusahaan manufaktur berkaitan dengan proses produksi dalam skala besar yang menggunakan peralatan dan mesin untuk mengelola bahan baku mentah menjadi barang jadi. Penulis akan membahas mengenai aktivitas perusahaan Unilever sebelum, selama dan setelah masa pandemi. Pada pembahasan ini akan dirincikan bagaimana penerapan yang dilakukan oleh salah satu perusahaan manufaktur yaitu Unilever dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan operasional perusahaannya. Unilever yang terus mengembangkan produknya perlahan-lahan pulih dan mengalami kenaikan juga setelah pandemi covid

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain’s gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries

Genome-Wide Association Study in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk

BRCA1-associated breast and ovarian cancer risks can be modified by common genetic variants. To identify further cancer risk-modifying loci, we performed a multi-stage GWAS of 11,705 BRCA1 carriers (of whom 5,920 were diagnosed with breast and 1,839 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer), with a further replication in an additional sample of 2,646 BRCA1 carriers. We identified a novel breast cancer risk modifier locus at 1q32 for BRCA1 carriers (rs2290854, P = 2.7×10-8, HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.20). In addition, we identified two novel ovarian cancer risk modifier loci: 17q21.31 (rs17631303, P = 1.4×10-8, HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38) and 4q32.3 (rs4691139, P = 3.4×10-8, HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38). The 4q32.3 locus was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population or BRCA2 carriers, suggesting a BRCA1-specific associat

An original phylogenetic approach identified mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1 as inversely associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers

Introduction: Individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair, DNA alterations that can be caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species, a main source of which are mitochondria. Mitochondrial genome variations affect electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species production. Individuals with different mitochondrial haplogroups differ in their metabolism and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Variability in mitochondrial genetic background can alter reactive oxygen species production, leading to cancer risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial haplogroups modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods: We genotyped 22,214 (11,421 affected, 10,793 unaffected) mutation carriers belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for 129 mitochondrial polymorphisms using the iCOGS array. Haplogroup inference and association detection were performed using a phylogenetic approach. ALTree was applied to explore the reference mitochondrial evolutionary tree and detect subclades enriched in affected or unaffected individuals. Results: We discovered that subclade T1a1 was depleted in affected BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with the rest of clade T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Compared with the most frequent haplogroup in the general population (that is, H and T clades), the T1a1 haplogroup has a HR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.95; P = 0.03). We also identified three potential susceptibility loci, including G13708A/rs28359178, which has demonstrated an inverse association with familial breast cancer risk. Conclusions: This study illustrates how original approaches such as the phylogeny-based method we used can empower classical molecular epidemiological studies aimed at identifying association or risk modification effects.Peer reviewe