Application of Base Force Element Method to Mesomechanics Analysis for Recycled Aggregate Concrete

The base force element method (BFEM) on potential energy principle is used to analyze recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) on mesolevel. The model of BFEM with triangular element is derived. The recycled aggregate concrete is taken as five-phase composites consisting of natural coarse aggregate, new mortar, new interfacial transition zone (ITZ), old mortar, and old ITZ on meso-level. The random aggregate model is used to simulate the mesostructure of recycled aggregate concrete. The mechanics properties of uniaxial compression and tension tests for RAC are simulated using the BFEM, respectively. The simulation results agree with the test results. This research method is a new way for investigating fracture mechanism and numerical simulation of mechanics properties for recycled aggregate concrete

How single-cell techniques help us look into lung cancer heterogeneity and immunotherapy

Lung cancer patients tend to have strong intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity and complex tumor microenvironment, which are major contributors to the efficacy of and drug resistance to immunotherapy. From a new perspective, single-cell techniques offer an innovative way to look at the intricate cellular interactions between tumors and the immune system and help us gain insights into lung cancer and its response to immunotherapy. This article reviews the application of single-cell techniques in lung cancer, with focuses directed on the heterogeneity of lung cancer and the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review provides both theoretical and experimental information for the future development of immunotherapy and personalized treatment for the management of lung cancer

Effect of Gluten and Wheat Starch on the Frozen Storage Quality of Reconstituted Dough

The frozen preservation quality of dough cannot meet the requirements of industrial production of fresh and wet noodles. To investigate the effect of the main dough components (gluten protein and starch) on the quality of the frozen dough, dough restructuring with high gluten wheat flour (50%) and different proportions of gluten and wheat starch, and the water distribution, rheological properties, pasting characteristics, gel strength, microstructure and hydrogen bond strength were analyzed after freezing storage at 18 ℃ for 20 days, with 100% raw wheat flour as the control group. The results showed that the water in the frozen reconstituted dough gradually migrated from bound water to free water, and the elastic modulus decreased from 125900 Pa to 73020 Pa as the ratio of gluten to wheat starch decreased from 4:1 to 1:4, the pasting parameters increased, andgel hardness from 114.30 g to 181.39 g. Scanning electron microscope showed that the lower the ratio of gluten to wheat starch, the more unfavorable the uniformity of the gluten protein network structure. The hydrogen bond strength in the reconstituted dough was greater than that in the control group after adding gluten and wheat starch, and it continued to increase as the ratio of gluten to wheat starch decreased. When the ratio of gluten to wheat starch was 4:1, the elastic modulus of the reconstituted dough frozen for 20 days was 49.95% higher than that of the control group, which delayed the quality deterioration of the dough during the frozen storage. Reconstituting the dough with a certain ratio of starch to gluten can improve the viscoelasticity of the dough, which was beneficial to its cryopreservation quality

Research on Trajectory Prediction of a High-Altitude Zero-Pressure Balloon System to Assist Rapid Recovery

A comprehensive simulation model is established to predict the trajectory of a high-altitude zero-pressure balloon flight system with no parachute that is required to carry the load floating at the designated altitude for several hours or less. A series of mathematical models, including thermal dynamic, atmospheric, earth, wind, geometry, and exhaust models, are developed to predict the trajectory of the balloon flight system. Based on these models, the uncertainties of the launch parameters and the corresponding flight performance are simulated. Combined with the control strategy, the entire flight trajectory is simulated and discussed in detail, including the ascending, floating, and descending phases. The results show that the vertical velocity takes on a W shape during the ascent process. Furthermore, the balloon begins to gradually descend with weakening solar radiation after noon. Moreover, the landing vertical speed of the balloon flight system can approach zero with the control strategy applied, whereas the lateral drift range is more limited relative to the uncontrolled flight mode. The results and conclusions presented herein contribute to the design and operation of a zero-pressure balloon flight system within limited airspace to improve the rapid recovery ability of the flight system

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy with the combined addition of Ti and Zr

The effects of combined Ti and Zr addition on microstructures and mechanical properties are systematically investigated in Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy by microstructure characterizations and a physical-based model. The results show that combined addition of Ti and Zr can promote the precipitation of nano L12 Al3(Ti,Zr) dispersoids, while primary D022 Al3Ti and Al3(Ti,Zr) phases are formed during solidification when Ti addition is over 0.2 wt%. As compared to the 0Ti alloy, the ductility and toughness is enhanced markedly by 0.1–0.2 wt%Ti addition since the volume fraction of nano L12 Al3(Ti,Zr) dispersoids is increased. Both the strength and ductility are significantly decreased when Ti addition is more than 0.35 wt%. The strain hardening behavior and fractured morphology analyses suggest that the deterioration of mechanical properties is mainly due to the localized recrystallization and cracks caused by coarse primary phases, which cause the higher dislocation dynamic recovery rate. Combined addition of minor Ti and Zr elements may provide a simple approach to improve toughness and simultaneously reduce cost in developing high-strength Al alloys

Additional file 1 of Impacts of longitudinal water curtain cooling system on transcriptome-related immunity in ducks

Supplementary Material