Research-based versus clinical serum creatinine measurements and the association of acute kidney injury with subsequent kidney function: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study.

Background:Observational studies relying on clinically obtained data have shown that acute kidney injury (AKI) is linked to accelerated chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, prior reports lacked uniform collection of important confounders such as proteinuria and pre-AKI kidney function trajectory, and may be susceptible to ascertainment bias, as patients may be more likely to undergo kidney function testing after AKI. Methods:We studied 444 adults with CKD who participated in the prospective Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study and were concurrent members of a large integrated healthcare delivery system. We estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories using serum creatinine measurements from (i) the CRIC research protocol (yearly) and (ii) routine clinical care. We used linear mixed effects models to evaluate the associations of AKI with acute absolute change in eGFR and post-AKI eGFR slope, and explored whether these varied by source of creatinine results. Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics, diabetes status and albuminuria. Results:During median follow-up of 8.5 years, mean rate of eGFR loss was -0.31 mL/min/1.73 m2/year overall, and 73 individuals experienced AKI (55% Stage 1). A significant interaction existed between AKI and source of serum creatinine for acute absolute change in eGFR level after discharge; in contrast, AKI was independently associated with a faster rate of eGFR decline (mean additional loss of -0.67 mL/min/1.73 m2/year), which was not impacted by source of serum creatinine. Conclusions:AKI is independently associated with subsequent steeper eGFR decline regardless of the serum creatinine source used, but the strength of association is smaller than observed in prior studies after taking into account key confounders such as pre-AKI eGFR slope and albuminuria

Spatial Effect of Digital Economy on Particulate Matter 2.5 in the Process of Smart Cities: Evidence from Prefecture-Level Cities in China

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the digital economy has developed rapidly. The airborne nature of COVID-19 viruses has attracted worldwide attention. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the impact of the digital economy on particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) emissions. The research sample of this paper include 283 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019 in China. Spatial Durbin model was adopted to explore the spatial spillover effect of digital economy on PM2.5 emissions. In addition, considering the impact of smart city pilot (SCP) policy, a spatial difference-in-differences (SDID) model was used to analyze policy effects. The estimation results indicated that (1) the development of the digital economy significantly reduces PM2.5 emissions. (2) The spatial spillover effect of the digital economy significantly reduces PM2.5 emissions in neighboring cities. (3) Smart city construction increases PM2.5 emissions in neighboring cities. (4) The reduction effect of the digital economy on PM2.5 is more pronounced in the sample of eastern cities and urban agglomerations

Research Progress of Microtransfer Printing Technology for Flexible Electronic Integrated Manufacturing

In recent years, with the rapid development of the flexible electronics industry, there is an urgent need for a large-area, multilayer, and high-production integrated manufacturing technology for scalable and flexible electronic products. To solve this technical demand, researchers have proposed and developed microtransfer printing technology, which picks up and prints inks in various material forms from the donor substrate to the target substrate, successfully realizing the integrated manufacturing of flexible electronic products. This review retrospects the representative research progress of microtransfer printing technology for the production of flexible electronic products and emphasizes the summary of seal materials, the basic principles of various transfer technology and fracture mechanics models, and the influence of different factors on the transfer effect. In the end, the unique functions, technical features, and related printing examples of each technology are concluded and compared, and the prospects of further research work on microtransfer printing technology is finally presented

High repetition frequency mode-locked semiconductor disk laser

A compact passively mode-locked semiconductor disk laser with a high repetition frequency of 3GHz is demonstrated. 4.9ps pulse duration and 30mW average output power are obtained with 1.4W of 808nm incident pump power. The gain chip consists of 16 compressively strained InGaAs symmetrical step quantum wells in the active region

Semiconductor disk laser with a diamond heatspreader

A semiconductor disk laser with a transparent chemical vapor deposited diamond heatspreader is presented. The gain region of the semiconductor disk includes 16 noncompensated compressively strained InGaAs quantum wells. 710mW continuous-wave output powe

Research on Metal Corrosion Resistant Bioinspired Special Wetting Surface Based on Laser Texturing Technology: A Review

Metal substrates are widely used in engineering production. However, material life reduction and economic loss due to chemical and electrochemical corrosion are a major problem facing people. Electrochemical corrosion is the main corrosion mode of metals, such as seawater corrosion. It is found that the superhydrophobic surface treated by laser texturing plays an important role in the corrosion resistance of the substrate, with the laser texturing process and post-treatment affecting the corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance is positively correlated with the superhydrophobic property of the surface. For the mechanism of corrosion resistance, this paper summarizes the effect of micro-nano structure, surface-modified coating, oxidation layer or new product layer, surface inhomogeneity, crystal structure, and slippery surface on corrosion resistance. Superhydrophobic surface and slippery surface are two common types of bioinspired, special wetting surfaces. In order to prepare better superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant surfaces, this paper summarizes the selection and optimization of laser parameters, surface structure, processing media, and post-treatment from the point of view of mechanism and law. In addition, after summarizing the corrosion resistance mechanism, this paper introduces a series of characterization experiments that can measure the corrosion resistance, providing a reference for preparation and evaluation of the surface

Clinical outcomes of curative treatment for colorectal liver metastases combined with cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence

Background The optimal treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) with synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) and liver metastases (LM) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate clinical outcomes in patients with CRC and concomitant PC and LM who had undergone curative surgery, including resections at both metastatic sites and synchronous intraabdominal chemotherapy. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for eligible studies. Studies focusing on the clinical effects of curative surgery and synchronous intraabdominal chemotherapy for patients with CRC and concomitant PC and LM were included. Meta-analysis results were recorded as hazard ratios (HRs), risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences. Results We included 9 of 998 identified studies in the meta-analysis, involving 746 patients (221 patients with PC + LM, 525 patients with PC). Overall survival (pooled HR 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–2.13, p < 0.01) and disease-free survival (pooled HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.51–2.20, p < 0.01) were both lower in patients with PC + LM. A higher recurrence rate (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.44, p = 0.02) and major postoperative morbidity (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.19–1.82, p < 0.01) were also observed in patients with PC + LM. Conclusion Liver resection in combination with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for patients with CRC and synchronous hepatic and peritoneal metastases may be associated with worse survival and higher morbidity compared with patients with isolated PC. More restricted patient inclusion criteria should be established to facilitate an optimal prognosis for this patient group