Construing Ideational Meaning in Electronics Devicesadvertisements in Jawa Pos: a Systemic Functional Linguisticmultimodal Discourse Analysis

This research deals with multimodal discourse analysis. The data were collected from printed advertisements ofJawa Pos newspaper. Generic Structure Potential of printed advertisement (GSP) proposed by Cheong (2004)and Halliday\u27s (1994) transitivity were applied. Cheong\u27s framework is applied to reveal the elements of visualand linguistic elements, meanwhile Halliday\u27s transitivity is used to know the processes. Thereby, this researchdiscovers the relationship between image and text in one context. The result shows that visual elements in theprinted advertisements are Lead, Emblem, and Display. Lead consists of Locus of Attention (LoA) andComplements to the Locus of Attention (Comp. LoA). Meanwhile, the linguistic elements are Announcement,Emblem, Enhancer, Tag, and Call-and-Visit Information. Finally, it is found that there is interconnectednessbetween the visual and linguistic elements in the printed advertisement. It causes high ContextualizationPropensity (CP), narrow Interpretative Space (IS), and also small Semantic Effervescence (SE)

Predicting Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Breast Cancer Using Deep Learning on Primary Tumor Biopsy Slides

Objectives: To develop and validate a deep learning (DL)-based primary tumor biopsy signature for predicting axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis preoperatively in early breast cancer (EBC) patients with clinically negative ALN. Methods: A total of 1,058 EBC patients with pathologically confirmed ALN status were enrolled from May 2010 to August 2020. A DL core-needle biopsy (DL-CNB) model was built on the attention-based multiple instance-learning (AMIL) framework to predict ALN status utilizing the DL features, which were extracted from the cancer areas of digitized whole-slide images (WSIs) of breast CNB specimens annotated by two pathologists. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were analyzed to evaluate our model. Results: The best-performing DL-CNB model with VGG16_BN as the feature extractor achieved an AUC of 0.816 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.758, 0.865) in predicting positive ALN metastasis in the independent test cohort. Furthermore, our model incorporating the clinical data, which was called DL-CNB+C, yielded the best accuracy of 0.831 (95%CI: 0.775, 0.878), especially for patients younger than 50 years (AUC: 0.918, 95%CI: 0.825, 0.971). The interpretation of DL-CNB model showed that the top signatures most predictive of ALN metastasis were characterized by the nucleus features including density ($p$ = 0.015), circumference ($p$ = 0.009), circularity ($p$ = 0.010), and orientation ($p$ = 0.012). Conclusion: Our study provides a novel DL-based biomarker on primary tumor CNB slides to predict the metastatic status of ALN preoperatively for patients with EBC. The codes and dataset are available at https://github.com/bupt-ai-cz/BALNMPComment: Update Table 1 and corresponding description

Breast Cancer Immunohistochemical Image Generation: a Benchmark Dataset and Challenge Review

For invasive breast cancer, immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques are often used to detect the expression level of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in breast tissue to formulate a precise treatment plan. From the perspective of saving manpower, material and time costs, directly generating IHC-stained images from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images is a valuable research direction. Therefore, we held the breast cancer immunohistochemical image generation challenge, aiming to explore novel ideas of deep learning technology in pathological image generation and promote research in this field. The challenge provided registered H&E and IHC-stained image pairs, and participants were required to use these images to train a model that can directly generate IHC-stained images from corresponding H&E-stained images. We selected and reviewed the five highest-ranking methods based on their PSNR and SSIM metrics, while also providing overviews of the corresponding pipelines and implementations. In this paper, we further analyze the current limitations in the field of breast cancer immunohistochemical image generation and forecast the future development of this field. We hope that the released dataset and the challenge will inspire more scholars to jointly study higher-quality IHC-stained image generation.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, 2table

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

11 páginas, 4 figuras, 2 tablas. Datasets en su material suplementario. This article contains supporting information online at https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.2302720120/-/DCSupplemental.Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues.This work was supported by the Michael J. Fox Foundation grant MJFF-020161 (E.M., Z.G.-O.), NIH and National Institute of Aging grants AG060747 (M.D.G.), AG066206 (Z.H.), AG066515 (Z.H., M.D.G.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement No. 890650, Y.L.G.), the Alzheimer’s Association (AARF-20-683984, M.E.B.), and the Iqbal Farrukh and Asad Jamal Fund, a grant from the EU Joint Programme—Neurodegenerative Disease Research (European Alzheimer DNA BioBank, EADB; JPND), the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP21dk0207045 (T.I.), JP21dk020704 (K.O., S.N.), JP21km040550 (K.O.), the Einstein Center for Neurosciences in Berlin (S.M.Y.), the Swedish Research Council (#2018-02532, H.Z.), the European Research Council (#681712, H.Z.), and the Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-720931, H.Z.). Inserm UMR1167 is also funded by the Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine, and the French government’s LABEX DISTALZ program (development of innovative strategies for a transdisciplinary approach to AD). Additional funders of individual investigators and institutions who contributed to data collection and genotyping are provided in SI Appendix.Peer reviewe

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Clinicopathologic characteristics of extramammary Paget’s disease of the scrotum associated with sweat gland adenocarcinoma—a clinical retrospective study

Extramammary Paget’s disease of the scrotum with sweat gland adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor. This study aims to summarize the clinicopathologic characteristics related to the prognosis of scrotal Paget’s disease with underlying sweat gland adenocarcinoma. Clinical datum of four patients with scrotal Paget’s disease with sweat gland carcinoma, treated in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from 2002 to 2009 was analyzed, and a literature review was conducted. The typical manifestation of scrotal Paget’s disease with sweat gland carcinoma was eczematoid-like skin lesions. All patients underwent primary lesion resection plus inguinal lymphadenectomy. Three patients had inguinal lymph metastasis. One of them developed distant metastases in bone and bone marrow and died of metastatic carcinoma. The dead patient had higher serum carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) level, Her-2 overexpression and shorter disease course than the other patients. The other patients were observed for at least 3 years, and lived without tumor. Scrotal Paget’s disease with sweat gland adenocarcinoma may be prone to inguinal lymph node and bone metastasis. Serum CEA level, Her-2 overexpression, dermis and lymphovascular invasion may be associated with the prognosis of scrotal Paget’s disease with sweat gland adenocarcinoma. The primary lesion resection plus inguinal lymphadenectomy is the major treatment for scrotal Paget’s disease with sweat gland adenocarcinoma. The effect of combination chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic extramammary Paget’s disease remains to be proven by prolonged follow-up and wide experience

Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) compared with conventional ultrasound for evaluating thyroid nodules

Abstract Background Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) for depiction of microvascular flow in thyroid nodules was compared with color/power Doppler imaging (CDI/PDI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). In addition, the diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound combined with SMI for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules was evaluated. Methods Preoperative conventional ultrasound consisting of gray-scale ultrasonography and CDI/PDI, followed by SMI and CEUS, was used to record 52 thyroid nodules. Two radiologists analyzed the gray-scale ultrasound signs and nodules’ microvascular flow patterns to differentiate between benign (n = 13) and malignant nodules (n = 39). Results SMI was significantly more effective in the detection of microvascular flow signals than CDI/PDI. In malignant nodules, SMI depicted the presence of incomplete surrounding periphery microvasculature and of disordered heterogeneous internal microvasculature. Benign nodules showed complete surrounding periphery microvasculature (ring sign) and homogeneity internal branching. The accuracies of conventional ultrasound combined with CDI/ PDI, SMI, or CEUS for predicting malignancy were 67.31, 86.54, and 92.31%, respectively. The accuracy of SMI differed significantly from CDI/PDI (P = 0.012), but not from CEUS (P = 0.339). Conclusions Microvascular flow and vessel branching in the peripheral and internal microvasculature of thyroid nodules is depicted with greater detail and clarity with SMI compared with conventional ultrasound. SMI offers a safe and low-cost alternative to CEUS for differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules