322 research outputs found
What are the barriers, facilitators and interventions targeting help-seeking behaviours for common mental health problems in adolescents? A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Increasing rates of mental health problems among adolescents are of concern. Teens who are most in need of mental health attention are reluctant to seek help. A better understanding of the help-seeking in this population is needed to overcome this gap. METHODS: Five databases were searched to identify the principal barriers, facilitators and interventions targeting help-seeking for common mental health problems in adolescents aged 10-19 years. The search was performed in June 2018 and updated in April 2019. Two independent screening processes were made using the eligibility criteria. Quality assessment of each study was performed, and findings summarised using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Ninety studies meet the inclusion criteria for this review for barrier and facilitators (n = 54) and interventions (n = 36). Stigma and negative beliefs towards mental health services and professionals were the most cited barriers. Facilitators included previous positive experience with health services and mental health literacy. Most interventions were based on psychoeducation, which focused on general mental health knowledge, suicide and self-harm, stigma and depression. Other types of interventions included the use of multimedia and online tools, peer training and outreach initiatives. Overall, the quality of studies was low to medium and there was no general agreement regarding help-seeking definition and measurements. CONCLUSION: Most of the interventions took place in an educational setting however, it is important to consider adolescents outside the educational system. Encouraging help-seeking should come with the increased availability of mental health support for all adolescents in need, but this is still a major challenge for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. There is also a need to develop shared definitions, theoretical frameworks and higher methodological standards in research regarding help-seeking behaviours in adolescents. This will allow more consistency and generalisability of findings, improving the development of help-seeking interventions and ensuring timely access to mental health treatments
Hispanic Health in the USA: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Hispanics are the largest minority group in the USA. They contribute to the economy, cultural diversity, and health of the nation. Assessing their health status and health needs is key to inform health policy formulation and program implementation. To this end, we conducted a scoping review of the literature and national statistics on Hispanic health in the USA using a modified social-ecological framework that includes social determinants of health, health disparities, risk factors, and health services, as they shape the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. These social, environmental, and biological forces have modified the epidemiologic profile of Hispanics in the USA, with cancer being the leading cause of mortality, followed by cardiovascular diseases and unintentional injuries. Implementation of the Affordable Care Act has resulted in improved access to health services for Hispanics, but challenges remain due to limited cultural sensitivity, health literacy, and a shortage of Hispanic health care providers. Acculturation barriers and underinsured or uninsured status remain as major obstacles to health care access. Advantageous health outcomes from the “Hispanic Mortality Paradox” and the “Latina Birth Outcomes Paradox” persist, but health gains may be offset in the future by increasing rates of obesity and diabetes. Recommendations focus on the adoption of the Health in All Policies framework, expanding access to health care, developing cultural sensitivity in the health care workforce, and generating and disseminating research findings on Hispanic health
Ianus: an Adpative FPGA Computer
Dedicated machines designed for specific computational algorithms can
outperform conventional computers by several orders of magnitude. In this note
we describe {\it Ianus}, a new generation FPGA based machine and its basic
features: hardware integration and wide reprogrammability. Our goal is to build
a machine that can fully exploit the performance potential of new generation
FPGA devices. We also plan a software platform which simplifies its
programming, in order to extend its intended range of application to a wide
class of interesting and computationally demanding problems. The decision to
develop a dedicated processor is a complex one, involving careful assessment of
its performance lead, during its expected lifetime, over traditional computers,
taking into account their performance increase, as predicted by Moore's law. We
discuss this point in detail
Prótesis endovascualres (Stent Grafts) en el tratamiento de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal
Los objetivos del informe son producir una síntesis ordenada acerca del conocimiento existente sobre la seguridad y eficacia de las prótesis endovasculares con injerto (PEVIs) en el tratamiento de los AAA de naturaleza arterioesclerótica. Establecer una serie de recomendaciones respecto del uso apropiado de esta tecnología en el contexto español.Introducción, Objetivos del informe, Método de elaboración Definición y contexto, Clínica e historia natural de la enfermedad, Diagnóstico, Epidemiología e importancia sanitaria de los AAA, Tratamiento quirúrgico de los AAA, Tratamiento endovascular de los AAA, Resultados de la experiencia clinica disponibles, Síntesis global de resultados, Comparación de resultados del tratamiento endovascular con el, Conclusiones, Recomendaciones, Bibliografía, Tablas
Transcriptional silencing of the Dickkopfs-3 (Dkk-3) gene by CpG hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Dkk-3 is a newly characterised mortalisation-related gene and an antagonist of the Wnt oncogenic signalling pathway whose
expression is decreased in a variety of cancer cell lines, suggesting that the Dkk-3 gene, located at chromosome 11p15.1, functions as
a tumour suppressor gene. Although 11p15 is a ‘hot spot’ for methylation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the role of Dkk-3
abnormalities has never been evaluated in this disease. We analysed CpG island methylation of the Dkk-3 promoter in six ALL cell
lines and 183 ALL patients. We observed Dkk-3 hypermethylation in all cell lines and in cells from 33% (60/183) of ALL patients.
Moreover, Dkk-3 methylation was associated with decreased Dkk-3 mRNA expression and this expression was restored after
exposure to the demethylating agent 5-AzaC. Clinical features did not differ between hypermethylated and unmethylated patients.
Estimated disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival at 10 and 11 years, respectively, were 49.8 and 45.6% for normal patients
and 10.5 and 15.1% for hypermethylated patients (P¼0.001 and 0.09). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Dkk-3 methylation
was an independent prognostic factor predicting DFS (P¼0.0009). Our data suggest that Dkk-3 methylation occurs at an early stage
in ALL pathogenesis and probably influences the clinical behaviour of the disease
Methylation status of Wnt signaling pathway genes affects the clinical outcome of Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
The clinical significance of aberrant promoter methylation of the
canonical Wnt pathway antagonist genes (sFRP1, sFRP2, sFRP4,
sFRP5, Wif1, Dkk3, and Hdpr1) and also putative tumor-suppressor
gene Wnt5a, belonging to the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway,
was investigated in a large series of 75 patients with Philadelphia
chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia by methylationspecific
polymerase chain reaction. At least one methylated gene
was observed in cells from 66% (49/75) of patients (methylated
group). Disease-free survival and overall survival at 9 years were 51
and 40%, respectively, for the unmethylated group and 3 and 2%,
respectively, for the methylated group (both P < 0.0001). Multivariate
analysis demonstrated that the Wnt methylation profile was an
independent prognostic factor predicting disease-free survival
(P = 0.007) and overall survival (P = 0.039). Abnormal DNA methylation
of promoter-associated CpG islands in the Wnt signaling pathway is
very common in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic
leukemia and potentially defines subgroups with distinct
clinical characteristics
Promoter hypermethylation of cancer-related genes: a strong independent prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Promoter hypermethylation plays an important
role in the inactivation of cancerrelated
genes. This abnormality occurs
early in leukemogenesis and seems to be
associated with poor prognosis in acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To determine
the extent of hypermethylation in
ALL, we analyzed the methylation status
of the CDH1, p73, p16, p15, p57, NES-1,
DKK-3, CDH13, p14, TMS-1, APAF-1,
DAPK, PARKIN, LATS-1, and PTEN genes
in 251 consecutive ALL patients.Atotal of
77.3% of samples had at least 1 gene
methylated, whereas 35.9% of cases had
4 or more genes methylated. Clinical features
and complete remission rate did not
differ among patients without methylated
genes, patients with 1 to 3 methylated
genes (methylated group A), or patients
with more than 3 methylated genes (methylated
group B). Estimated disease-free
survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) at
11 years were 75.5% and 66.1%, respectively,
for the nonmethylated group; 37.2%
and 45.5% for methylated group A; and
9.4% and 7.8% for methylated group B
(P < .0001 and P .0004, respectively).
Multivariate analysis demonstrated that
the methylation profile was an independent
prognostic factor in predicting DFS
(P < .0001) and OS (P .003). Our results
suggest that the methylation profile may
be a potential new biomarker of risk prediction
in AL
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