HARE: Final Report

This report documents the results of work done over a 6 year period under the FAST-OS programs. The first effort was called Right-Weight Kernels, (RWK) and was concerned with improving measurements of OS noise so it could be treated quantitatively; and evaluating the use of two operating systems, Linux and Plan 9, on HPC systems and determining how these operating systems needed to be extended or changed for HPC, while still retaining their general-purpose nature. The second program, HARE, explored the creation of alternative runtime models, building on RWK. All of the HARE work was done on Plan 9. The HARE researchers were mindful of the very good Linux and LWK work being done at other labs and saw no need to recreate it. Even given this limited funding, the two efforts had outsized impact: _ Helped Cray decide to use Linux, instead of a custom kernel, and provided the tools needed to make Linux perform well _ Created a successor operating system to Plan 9, NIX, which has been taken in by Bell Labs for further development _ Created a standard system measurement tool, Fixed Time Quantum or FTQ, which is widely used for measuring operating systems impact on applications _ Spurred the use of the 9p protocol in several organizations, including IBM _ Built software in use at many companies, including IBM, Cray, and Google _ Spurred the creation of alternative runtimes for use on HPC systems _ Demonstrated that, with proper modifications, a general purpose operating systems can provide communications up to 3 times as effective as user-level libraries Open source was a key part of this work. The code developed for this project is in wide use and available at many places. The core Blue Gene code is available at https://bitbucket.org/ericvh/hare. We describe details of these impacts in the following sections. The rest of this report is organized as follows: First, we describe commercial impact; next, we describe the FTQ benchmark and its impact in more detail; operating systems and runtime research follows; we discuss infrastructure software; and close with a description of the new NIX operating system, future work, and conclusions

Temporal and Tissue Specific Regulation of RP-Associated Splicing Factor Genes PRPF3, PRPF31 and PRPC8—Implications in the Pathogenesis of RP

Genetic mutations in several ubiquitously expressed RNA splicing genes such as PRPF3, PRP31 and PRPC8, have been found to cause retina-specific diseases in humans. To understand this intriguing phenomenon, most studies have been focused on testing two major hypotheses. One hypothesis assumes that these mutations interrupt retina-specific interactions that are important for RNA splicing, implying that there are specific components in the retina interacting with these splicing factors. The second hypothesis suggests that these mutations have only a mild effect on the protein function and thus affect only the metabolically highly active cells such as retinal photoreceptors.We examined the second hypothesis using the PRPF3 gene as an example. We analyzed the spatial and temporal expression of the PRPF3 gene in mice and found that it is highly expressed in retinal cells relative to other tissues and its expression is developmentally regulated. In addition, we also found that PRP31 and PRPC8 as well as snRNAs are highly expressed in retinal cells.Our data suggest that the retina requires a relatively high level of RNA splicing activity for optimal tissue-specific physiological function. Because the RP18 mutation has neither a debilitating nor acute effect on protein function, we suggest that retinal degeneration is the accumulative effect of decades of suboptimal RNA splicing due to the mildly impaired protein

HARE: Final Report

This report documents the results of work done over a 6 year period under the FAST-OS programs. The first effort was called Right-Weight Kernels, (RWK) and was concerned with improving measurements of OS noise so it could be treated quantitatively; and evaluating the use of two operating systems, Linux and Plan 9, on HPC systems and determining how these operating systems needed to be extended or changed for HPC, while still retaining their general-purpose nature. The second program, HARE, explored the creation of alternative runtime models, building on RWK. All of the HARE work was done on Plan 9. The HARE researchers were mindful of the very good Linux and LWK work being done at other labs and saw no need to recreate it. Even given this limited funding, the two efforts had outsized impact: _ Helped Cray decide to use Linux, instead of a custom kernel, and provided the tools needed to make Linux perform well _ Created a successor operating system to Plan 9, NIX, which has been taken in by Bell Labs for further development _ Created a standard system measurement tool, Fixed Time Quantum or FTQ, which is widely used for measuring operating systems impact on applications _ Spurred the use of the 9p protocol in several organizations, including IBM _ Built software in use at many companies, including IBM, Cray, and Google _ Spurred the creation of alternative runtimes for use on HPC systems _ Demonstrated that, with proper modifications, a general purpose operating systems can provide communications up to 3 times as effective as user-level libraries Open source was a key part of this work. The code developed for this project is in wide use and available at many places. The core Blue Gene code is available at https://bitbucket.org/ericvh/hare. We describe details of these impacts in the following sections. The rest of this report is organized as follows: First, we describe commercial impact; next, we describe the FTQ benchmark and its impact in more detail; operating systems and runtime research follows; we discuss infrastructure software; and close with a description of the new NIX operating system, future work, and conclusions

Estudio analítico de conos de hidróxido cálcico con gutapercha

El objetivo del estudio fue la determinación del ión calcio contenido en los conos de hidróxido cálcico con gutapercha (Roeko, Alemania. Se tomaron nueve conos de cada número de los números 15 al 40 y se realizó el procesamiento de las muestras con ácido nítrico y perclórico. Posteriormente se estudiaron las muestras de forma cuantitativa con el aparato de espectrometría atómica Thermo Jarrel Ash modelo 61E Polyscan, por el método del plasma de inducción acoplado. Se obtuvieron unos valores de concentración media del calcio del 25,6% y, por tanto, de COH)2Ca 47,5%. En todos los conos de hidróxido cálcico con gutapercha, la proporción de ión calcio y de hidróxido cálcico guardan relación con el número y peso de los mismosEl objetivo del estudio fue la determinación del ión calcio contenido en los conos de hidróxido cálcico con gutapercha (Roeko, Alemania). Se tomaron nueve conos de cada número de los números 15 al 40 y se realizó el procesamiento de las muestras con ácido nítrico y erclórico. Posteriormente se estudiaron las muestras de forma cuantitativa con el aparato de espectrometría atómica Thermo Jarrel Ash modelo 61E Polyscan, por el método del plasma de inducción acoplado. Se obtuvieron unos valores de concentración media del calcio del 25,6% y, por tanto, de COH)2Ca 47,5%. En todos los conos de hidróxido cálcico con gutapercha, la proporción de ión calcio y de hidróxido cálcico guardan relación con el número y peso de los mismos

Migration of TCP Connections with Layer-2 Support in Wireless Environments

Example embodiments provide methods of transparently migrating a reliable transport layer connection between a user and a first base station and a second base station in a wireless network. The method includes receiving at least one transport layer connection state information parameter from the first base station at the second base station. The second base station then determines at least one new transport layer connection parameter based on the at least one transferred transport layer connection state information parameter and at least one network condition at the second base station