Efficient Learning for Undirected Topic Models

Replicated Softmax model, a well-known undirected topic model, is powerful in extracting semantic representations of documents. Traditional learning strategies such as Contrastive Divergence are very inefficient. This paper provides a novel estimator to speed up the learning based on Noise Contrastive Estimate, extended for documents of variant lengths and weighted inputs. Experiments on two benchmarks show that the new estimator achieves great learning efficiency and high accuracy on document retrieval and classification.Comment: Accepted by ACL-IJCNLP 2015 short paper. 6 page

Learning to Translate in Real-time with Neural Machine Translation

Translating in real-time, a.k.a. simultaneous translation, outputs translation words before the input sentence ends, which is a challenging problem for conventional machine translation methods. We propose a neural machine translation (NMT) framework for simultaneous translation in which an agent learns to make decisions on when to translate from the interaction with a pre-trained NMT environment. To trade off quality and delay, we extensively explore various targets for delay and design a method for beam-search applicable in the simultaneous MT setting. Experiments against state-of-the-art baselines on two language pairs demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework both quantitatively and qualitatively.Comment: 10 pages, camera read

Mimicry, Knowledge Spillover and Expatriate Assignment Strategy in Overseas Subsidiaries

Based on neo-institutional theory and knowledge spillover, we argue that the probability of a firm assigning an expatriate manager to a foreign subsidiary is influenced by a combination of mimicry and knowledge spillover from any existing expatriate community in the foreign location. The expatriate community's influence is hypothesized to be weaker when the firm's ownership share in its foreign subsidiary is greater but stronger when the cultural distance between a firm's home country and the foreign host country is greater. Data on 95,156 foreign-invested manufacturing ventures in China is used to test these predictions. The findings show an inverted U-shaped relationship between the assignment of expatriates and the number of expatriates previously sent to the same location by prior foreign investors. This relationship is shown to be moderated by subsidiary ownership, but not by the cultural distance between the investor's home country and the host country. Implications for research and practice are discussed

The Belt and Road Initiative and international business policy: a kaleidoscopic perspective

In this editorial, we take stock of the nature and scope of China’s global development strategy named the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI), and how it influences international business (IB) policy. We build on the state of the current IB literature on the BRI and the findings of the Special Issue articles to suggest the need for complex integrative thinking on the initiative. We show that the BRI – like a kaleidoscope – elicits vastly different patterns of opportunities and challenges as we turn the perspective from policymakers in China, to governments in BRI host countries, and to officials in third countries. We illustrate how the application of integrative thinking to these perspectives allows for the identification when BRI projects generate tensions between countries and how this influences their IB policies. We further discuss under which circumstances BRI projects may benefit all sides and which IB policies can help promote these types of projects. We conclude with a discussion of future research directions

Interfacial regulation of aqueous synthesized metal-semiconductor hetero-nanocrystals

Integrating metal and semiconductor components to form metal-semiconductor heterostructures is an attractive strategy to develop nanomaterials for optoelectronic applications, and the rational regulation of their heterointerfaces could effectively influence their charge transfer properties and further determine their performance. Considering the natural large lattice mismatch between metal and semiconductor components, defects and low crystalline heterointerfaces could be easily generated especially for heterostructures with large contacting areas such as core-shell and over quantum-sized nanostructures. The defective interfaces of heterostructures could lead to the undesirable recombination of photo-induced electrons and holes, which would decrease their performances. Based on these issues, the perspective focusing on the most recent progress in the aqueous synthesis of metal-semiconductor heterostructures with emphasis on heterointerface regulation is proposed, especially in the aspect of non-epitaxial growth strategies initiated by cation exchange reaction (CER). The enhanced optoelectronic performance enabled by precise interfacial regulations is also illustrated. We hope this perspective could provide meaningful insights for researchers on nano synthesis and optoelectronic applications