46 research outputs found
Research progress in finite element analysis of ankle sprains
Ankle dislocation is the most common sports injury and is often associated with sports injuries. Among them, the tendon ligament causes damage to the posterior ankle ligament and the posterior ankle ligament. Important stabilizing structures, especially the anterior fibula ligament and the heelofibular ligament, play an important role in maintaining balance, and their injuries can lead to instability on the lateral side of the ankle. This seriously affects the function of the ankle. At the same time, it has a stabilizing effect on the lower joint, and its damage will also affect the function of the lower joint. [1-2] Foreign scientists have collected cases of acute fractures of the ankle joint, but only the central ligament rupture. Almost all injuries to the central tendon can cause a partial tear of the ligament. However, severe hallux valgus abuse can still lead to isolated damage to the triangular ligament. [3-4] Study surface emography and other techniques for basic ankle fracture studies to address the biomechanical and kinematic problems of ankle sprains. The biomechanics of ankle injuries will now be discussed in conjunction with the mechanisms of ankle injuries. To discuss the biomechanics and kinematics of ankle sprains
High-fidelity conformation of graphene to SiO2 topographic features
Strain engineering of graphene through interaction with a patterned substrate
offers the possibility of tailoring its electronic properties, but will require
detailed understanding of how graphene's morphology is determined by the
underlying substrate. However, previous experimental reports have drawn
conflicting conclusions about the structure of graphene on SiO2. Here we show
that high-resolution non-contact atomic force microscopy of SiO2 reveals
roughness at the few-nm length scale unresolved in previous measurements, and
scanning tunneling microscopy of graphene on SiO2 shows it to be slightly
smoother than the supporting SiO2 substrate. Quantitative analysis of the
competition between bending rigidity of the graphene and adhesion to the
substrate explains the observed roughness of monolayer graphene on SiO2 as
extrinsic, and provides a natural, intuitive description in terms of highly
conformal adhesion. The analysis indicates that graphene adopts the
conformation of the underlying substrate down to the smallest features with
nearly 99% fidelity.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures plus supplemental informatio
TRIGO: Benchmarking Formal Mathematical Proof Reduction for Generative Language Models
Automated theorem proving (ATP) has become an appealing domain for exploring
the reasoning ability of the recent successful generative language models.
However, current ATP benchmarks mainly focus on symbolic inference, but rarely
involve the understanding of complex number combination reasoning. In this
work, we propose TRIGO, an ATP benchmark that not only requires a model to
reduce a trigonometric expression with step-by-step proofs but also evaluates a
generative LM's reasoning ability on formulas and its capability to manipulate,
group, and factor number terms. We gather trigonometric expressions and their
reduced forms from the web, annotate the simplification process manually, and
translate it into the Lean formal language system. We then automatically
generate additional examples from the annotated samples to expand the dataset.
Furthermore, we develop an automatic generator based on Lean-Gym to create
dataset splits of varying difficulties and distributions in order to thoroughly
analyze the model's generalization ability. Our extensive experiments show our
proposed TRIGO poses a new challenge for advanced generative LM's including
GPT-4 which is pre-trained on a considerable amount of open-source formal
theorem-proving language data, and provide a new tool to study the generative
LM's ability on both formal and mathematical reasoning.Comment: Accepted by EMNLP 2023. Code is available at
https://github.com/menik1126/TRIG
Echinoderms have bilateral tendencies
Echinoderms take many forms of symmetry. Pentameral symmetry is the major
form and the other forms are derived from it. However, the ancestors of
echinoderms, which originated from Cambrian period, were believed to be
bilaterians. Echinoderm larvae are bilateral during their early development.
During embryonic development of starfish and sea urchins, the position and the
developmental sequence of each arm are fixed, implying an auxological
anterior/posterior axis. Starfish also possess the Hox gene cluster, which
controls symmetrical development. Overall, echinoderms are thought to have a
bilateral developmental mechanism and process. In this article, we focused on
adult starfish behaviors to corroborate its bilateral tendency. We weighed
their central disk and each arm to measure the position of the center of
gravity. We then studied their turning-over behavior, crawling behavior and
fleeing behavior statistically to obtain the center of frequency of each
behavior. By joining the center of gravity and each center of frequency, we
obtained three behavioral symmetric planes. These behavioral bilateral
tendencies might be related to the A/P axis during the embryonic development of
the starfish. It is very likely that the adult starfish is, to some extent,
bilaterian because it displays some bilateral propensity and has a definite
behavioral symmetric plane. The remainder of bilateral symmetry may have
benefited echinoderms during their evolution from the Cambrian period to the
present
Skywork: A More Open Bilingual Foundation Model
In this technical report, we present Skywork-13B, a family of large language
models (LLMs) trained on a corpus of over 3.2 trillion tokens drawn from both
English and Chinese texts. This bilingual foundation model is the most
extensively trained and openly published LLMs of comparable size to date. We
introduce a two-stage training methodology using a segmented corpus, targeting
general purpose training and then domain-specific enhancement training,
respectively. We show that our model not only excels on popular benchmarks, but
also achieves \emph{state of the art} performance in Chinese language modeling
on diverse domains. Furthermore, we propose a novel leakage detection method,
demonstrating that test data contamination is a pressing issue warranting
further investigation by the LLM community. To spur future research, we release
Skywork-13B along with checkpoints obtained during intermediate stages of the
training process. We are also releasing part of our SkyPile corpus, a
collection of over 150 billion tokens of web text, which is the largest high
quality open Chinese pre-training corpus to date. We hope Skywork-13B and our
open corpus will serve as a valuable open-source resource to democratize access
to high-quality LLMs
An advanced review of climate change mitigation policies in Germany, France, and the Netherlands
Mitigation of climate change requires comprehensive policy arrangements. This article applies a systematic analysis framework comprising ‘vertical policy hierarchy—horizontal policy path—policy instruments’ with Germany, France, and the Netherlands as study cases, and first-hand policy and data from government websites collected, clustered, and matched. The study conducts a comparative analysis of the three countries’ systems, pathways, instruments, and their effectiveness in climate change mitigation. The findings indicate that, firstly, all three countries have relatively well-developed policy systems (laws, regulations, strategies, plans, and policy instruments) based on the six vertical policy hierarchy defined by government governance structure. Secondly, the three countries exhibit commonalities and disparities in seven sectors: energy, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture, forest, and waste. The commonalities stem from EU laws and directives, while disparities arise from resource endowments and emission structures. Thirdly, regarding policy instruments, the commonalities among the three countries are reflected in the dominance of Financial/Fiscal Mechanisms as the primary approach, the leadership position of Governance Mechanisms, the comprehensive coverage of Regulatory Reform, and the massive expenditure in the Direct investment. Individually, (1) the German Regulatory Reform primarily addresses energy resource transformation; France focuses on controlling the transport sector emissions; while the Netherlands commits to renewable energy generation. (2) Germany leads in terms of Commercialization Mechanisms. (3) Financial/Fiscal Mechanisms encompass all sectors, while Germany examplifies the transportation sector digitization, France’s provision of ecological housing loans, and the Netherlands’ support for sustainable agriculture. (4) France distinguishes itself with a forward-thinking approach towards Governance Mechanism including climate financial risks, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) standards. Fourthly, the significant policy instruments analysis demonstrates that the climate governance of three countries incorporates not only direct or indirect efforts in emission reduction, but also considerations of institutional requirements, fairness, economic effectiveness, synergies, and transformative potential in policy considerations
Research progress in finite element analysis of ankle sprains
Ankle dislocation is the most common sports injury and is often associated with sports injuries. Among them, the tendon ligament causes damage to the posterior ankle ligament and the posterior ankle ligament. Important stabilizing structures, especially the anterior fibula ligament and the heelofibular ligament, play an important role in maintaining balance, and their injuries can lead to instability on the lateral side of the ankle. This seriously affects the function of the ankle. At the same time, it has a stabilizing effect on the lower joint, and its damage will also affect the function of the lower joint. [1-2] Foreign scientists have collected cases of acute fractures of the ankle joint, but only the central ligament rupture. Almost all injuries to the central tendon can cause a partial tear of the ligament. However, severe hallux valgus abuse can still lead to isolated damage to the triangular ligament. [3-4] Study surface emography and other techniques for basic ankle fracture studies to address the biomechanical and kinematic problems of ankle sprains. The biomechanics of ankle injuries will now be discussed in conjunction with the mechanisms of ankle injuries. To discuss the biomechanics and kinematics of ankle sprains
Characteristics and Causes of Particularly Major Road Traffic Accidents Involving Commercial Vehicles in China
Major accidents occurred frequently in the road transportation industry, and the resulting harm to drivers, property loss, and traffic interruption are very serious. This study investigated 11 particularly major accidents involving commercial vehicles in China, and performed analysis on accident characteristics regarding the time, location, types of vehicles, and accident causation at different levels based on the 24Model. Large buses and dangerous goods vehicles were involved in 10 accidents and they all occurred on a freeway. The months from May to August, especially during the time periods of 2:00–4:00 and 14:00–16:00 every day, were the most prone to accidents. The driver’s speeding and fatigued driving, and vehicle failure were the direct causes of most of the accidents. The defects in organizational safety management involved 12 system elements, such as safety accountability, education and training, etc. Procedures are of no use if they were not followed, and there was often no effective process to assess the implementation of procedures in many organizations. The weaknesses in organizational safety culture were the source of accidents, which was mainly manifested in members’ inadequate cognition of key elements in the aspects of safety importance, safety commitment, safety management system, etc. Understanding the characteristics and root causes of accidents can help to prevent the recurrence of similar mistakes and strengthen preventative measures in road transportation enterprises
P53 together with ferroptosis: a promising strategy leaving cancer cells without escape
TP53, functioning as the keeper of the genome, assumes a pivotal function in the inhibition of tumorigenesis. Recent studies have revealed that p53 regulates ferroptosis pathways within tumor cells and is closely related to tumorigenesis. Therefore, we summarize the pathways and mechanisms by which p53 regulates ferroptosis and identify a series of upstream and downstream molecules involved in this process. Furthermore, we construct a p53-ferroptosis network centered on p53. Finally, we present the progress of drugs to prevent wild-type p53 (wtp53) degeneration and restore wtp53, highlighting the deficiencies of drug development and the prospects for p53 in cancer treatment. These findings provide novel strategies and directions for future cancer therapy