Additional file 1: Table S1. of Correlates associated with participation in physical activity among adults: a systematic review of reviews and update

AMSTAR score for each review. Table S2. Modified classification of the variables from each review based the evidence from the primary studies. Table S3. Definition of each factor. Table S4. Relationships between personal factors and leisure-time physical activity. Table S5. Relationships between environmental factors and leisure-time physical activity. Table S6. Relationships between environmental factors and transportation. Table S7. Relationships between environmental factors and walking/cycling. Table S8. Relationships between objectively measured environmental factors and physical activity. Table S9. CCA for each factor. (DOCX 85 kb

What Are the Major Determinants in the Success of Smoking Cessation: Results from the Health Examinees Study

<div><p>Understanding mechanisms underlying smoking-related factors should be prioritized in establishing smoking prevention and cessation policy. The aim of this study was to identify factors significantly associated with smoking initiation and/or smoking cessation as well as the most important determinants of successful smoking cessation in a developed non-Western setting. Based on multiple logistic regression models, the odds ratios (ORs) for smoking initiation and cessation were estimated among males (<i>N</i> = 24,490) who had participated in the Health Examinees (HEXA) study. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between selected predictors of smoking cessation and the likelihood of reaching this goal. Finally, Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to illustrate the distribution of time from age at smoking initiation to age at smoking cessation. We found that the ORs for successfully quitting smoking increased with age, married status, educational achievement, having a non-manual job, drinking cessation and disease morbidity. Those exposed to secondhand smoking showed less likelihood of quitting smoking. A continual decrease in the ORs for successfully quitting smoking was observed according to increased smoking duration, smoking dose per day and lifetime tobacco exposure (<i>p</i>_trend <0.001). Among the selected predictors, lifetime tobacco exposure, educational attainment, alcohol drinking status and birth cohort were the major determinants in the success of smoking cessation. Our findings suggest that lifetime tobacco exposure, educational attainment, alcohol drinking status and birth cohort can determine success in smoking cessation. Public interventions promoting a smoke-free environment are needed to reinforce discouraging the initiation of, reducing, and quitting cigarette smoking.</p></div

Smoking-related history according to birth cohorts.

<p>Black circles represent on-going smokers and white circles represent quitters who continued to be non-smokers for at least two years or more.</p

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Body mass index at age 18–20 and later risk of spontaneous abortion in the Health Examinees Study (HEXA)

Stratification analyses by gestational hypertension (GHT) for the likelihood for total and recurrent spontaneous abortion (SA) of body mass index (BMI) at 18–20 years old in the Health Examinee Study (HEXA), 2004–2012. (DOC 33 kb

Correlates of Self-Reported Sleep Duration in Middle-Aged and Elderly Koreans: from the Health Examinees Study

<div><p>Though various factors related to fluctuations in sleep duration have been identified, information remains limited regarding the correlates of short and long sleep duration among the Korean population. Thus, we investigated characteristics that could be associated with short and/or long sleep duration among middle-aged and elderly Koreans. A total of 84,094 subjects (27,717 men and 56,377 women) who participated in the Health Examinees Study were analyzed by using multinomial logistic regression models. To evaluate whether sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, psychological conditions, anthropometry results, and health conditions were associated with short and/or long sleep duration, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with sleep duration of 6–7 hours as the reference group, accounting for putative covariates. Regardless of sexual differences, we found that adverse behaviors and lifestyle factors including low educational attainment, unemployment, being unmarried, current smoking status, lack of exercise, having irregular meals, poor psychosocial well-being, frequent stress events, and poor self-rated health were significantly associated with abnormal sleep duration. Similarly, diabetes mellitus and depression showed positive associations with abnormal sleep duration in both men and women. Our findings suggest that low sociodemographic characteristics, adverse lifestyle factors, poor psychological conditions, and certain disease morbidities could be associated with abnormal sleep duration in middle-aged and elderly Koreans.</p></div

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing those who initiate smoking with never smokers: non-smokers <i>vs</i>. ever smokers.

<p>Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing those who initiate smoking with never smokers: non-smokers <i>vs</i>. ever smokers.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Body mass index at age 18–20 and later risk of spontaneous abortion in the Health Examinees Study (HEXA)

Stratification analyses by gestational diabetes (GDM) for the likelihood for total and recurrent spontaneous abortion (SA) of body mass index (BMI) at 18–20 years old in the Health Examinee Study (HEXA), 2004–2012. (DOC 33 kb

The Associations between Immunity-Related Genes and Breast Cancer Prognosis in Korean Women

<div><p>We investigated the role of common genetic variation in immune-related genes on breast cancer disease-free survival (DFS) in Korean women. 107 breast cancer patients of the Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SEBCS) were selected for this study. A total of 2,432 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 283 immune-related genes were genotyped with the GoldenGate Oligonucleotide pool assay (OPA). A multivariate Cox-proportional hazard model and polygenic risk score model were used to estimate the effects of SNPs on breast cancer prognosis. Harrell’s C index was calculated to estimate the predictive accuracy of polygenic risk score model. Subsequently, an extended gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA-SNP) was conducted to approximate the biological pathway. In addition, to confirm our results with current evidence, previous studies were systematically reviewed. Sixty-two SNPs were statistically significant at <i>p</i>-value less than 0.05. The most significant SNPs were rs1952438 in <i>SOCS4</i> gene (hazard ratio (HR) = 11.99, 95% CI = 3.62–39.72, <i>P</i> = 4.84E-05), rs2289278 in <i>TSLP</i> gene (HR = 4.25, 95% CI = 2.10–8.62, <i>P</i> = 5.99E-05) and rs2074724 in <i>HGF</i> gene (HR = 4.63, 95% CI = 2.18–9.87, <i>P</i> = 7.04E-05). In the polygenic risk score model, the HR of women in the 3^rd tertile was 6.78 (95% CI = 1.48–31.06) compared to patients in the 1^st tertile of polygenic risk score. Harrell’s C index was 0.813 with total patients and 0.924 in 4-fold cross validation. In the pathway analysis, 18 pathways were significantly associated with breast cancer prognosis (<i>P</i><0.1<i>)</i>. The <i>IL-6R</i>, <i>IL-8</i>, <i>IL-10RB</i>, <i>IL</i>-<i>12A</i>, and <i>IL</i>-<i>12B</i> was associated with the prognosis of cancer in data of both our study and a previous study. Therefore, our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in immune-related genes have relevance to breast cancer prognosis among Korean women.</p></div

Predictors increasing the likelihood of achieving smoking cessation by Cox proportional hazard models ^a.

<p>Predictors increasing the likelihood of achieving smoking cessation by Cox proportional hazard models <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143303#t004fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing successful quitters with on-going smokers.

<p>Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing successful quitters with on-going smokers.</p