Effects of Auditory Input on a Spatial Serial Response Time Task

The current study examined how relevant and irrelevantauditory stimuli affect the speed of responding to structuredvisual sequences. Participants were presented with a dot thatappeared in different locations on a touch screen monitor andthey were instructed to quickly touch the dot. Response timessped up over time, suggesting that participants learned thevisual sequences. Response times in Experiment 1 were slowerwhen the dot was paired with random sounds, suggesting thatirrelevant sounds slowed down visual processing/responding.Dots in Experiment 2 were paired with correlated sounds (bothauditory and visual information provided locationinformation). While the redundant intersensory informationdid not speed up response times, it did partially attenuateauditory interference. These findings have implications ontasks that require processing of simultaneously presentedauditory and visual information and provide evidence ofauditory interference and possibly dominance on a task thattypically favors the visual modality

Facial Attractiveness Preferences: a possible mechanism for understanding the differential reproduction of women with and without androphilic sons

The Sexually Antagonistic Gene Hypothesis (SAGH) holds that a gene can be reproductively detrimental to one sex, but be selected for so long as it is reproductively beneficial to the other sex. Consistent with this, research indicates that the female relatives of androphilic males exhibit elevated reproduction compared to those without androphilic male relatives. This thesis addresses whether the mating psychology of women with androphilic sons differs from that of women with no androphilic sons. If differences in preferences for certain male facial features exist, this might explain why the female kin of male androphiles produce more offspring compared to the female kin of male gynephiles. I found that women with and without androphilic sons did not differ in their preferences for a variety of male facial features, indicating that differences in mating psychology not accounting for the differential reproduction of these two groups of women.Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Lethbridge Public Interest Research Grou

The ‘strength of weak ties’ among female baboons : fitness-related benefits of social bonds

Thanks to Cape Nature Conservation for permission to work at De Hoop, and to all the graduate students and field assistants who contributed to our long-term data-base. LB was supported by NSERC Canada Research Chair and Discovery Programs; SPH was supported by the NRF (South Africa) and NSERC Discovery Grants during the writing of this manuscript. We are grateful to one anonymous reviewer and, in particular, Lauren Brent for invaluable feedback on earlier drafts of our manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin

Guidelines for the Integration of Large Language Models in Developing and Refining Interview Protocols

Rapid advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI), specifically large language models (LLMs), offer unprecedented opportunities and challenges for qualitative researchers. This paper presents comprehensive guidelines for the ethical and effective use of LLMs in the development and refinement of interview protocols. Through a multidisciplinary lens, this paper explores potential pitfalls, ethical considerations, and best practices to ensure the responsible integration of LLMs in the research process. The guidelines proposed serve not only as a methodological roadmap for researchers but also as a catalyst for dialogue on the ethical dimensions of LLMs in qualitative research. Furthermore, the authors describe and share a web-based application developed to guide users through the stages of the protocol. Ultimately, the paper calls for a collective, informed approach to harness the capabilities of LLMs while upholding the integrity and ethical standards of scholarly research

Examining Cardiac and Behavioral Responses in a Modality Dominance Task

The current study examined cardiac and behavioral responsesto changing auditory and visual information while usingmodified oddball tasks. When instructed to press the samebutton for auditory and visual oddballs, auditory dominancewas found with cross-modal presentation slowing downvisual response times and decreasing visual accuracy. Wheninstructed to make separate responses to auditory and visualoddballs, visual dominance was found with cross-modalpresentation slowing down response times and decreasingauditory accuracy. However, examination of cardiacresponses that were time-locked to stimulus onset show cross-modal facilitation effects, with discrimination of oddballs andstandards occurring earlier in the course of processing in thecross-modal condition than in the unimodal conditions. Thesefindings shed light on potential mechanisms underlyingmodality dominance effects and have implications on tasksthat require simultaneous processing of auditory and visualinformation

Daily Use of Energy Management Strategies and Occupational Well-being: The Moderating Role of Job Demands

We examine the relationships among employees’ use of energy management strategies and two occupational well-being outcomes: job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Based on conservation of resources theory, it was hypothesized that employees with high job demands would benefit more from using energy management strategies (i.e., including prosocial, organizing, and meaning-related strategies), compared to employees with low job demands. We tested this proposition using a quantitative diary study. Fifty-four employees provided data twice daily across one work week (on average, 7 daily entries). Supporting the hypotheses, prosocial energy management was positively related to job satisfaction. Moreover, employees with high job demands were less emotionally exhausted when using prosocial strategies. Contrary to predictions, when using organizing strategies, employees with low job demands had higher job satisfaction and lower emotional exhaustion. Under high job demands, greater use of organizing strategies was associated with lower job satisfaction and higher emotional exhaustion. Finally, use of meaning-related strategies was associated with higher emotional exhaustion when job demands were low. With this research, we position energy management as part of a resource investment process aimed at maintaining and improving occupational well-being. Our findings show that this resource investment will be more or less effective depending on the type of strategy used and the existing drain on resources (i.e., job demands). This is the first study to examine momentary effects of distinct types of work-related energy management strategies on occupational well-being

Daily Use of Energy Management Strategies and Occupational Well-being:The Moderating Role of Job Demands

We examine the relationships among employees’ use of energy management strategies and two occupational well-being outcomes: job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Based on conservation of resources theory, it was hypothesized that employees with high job demands would benefit more from using energy management strategies (i.e., including prosocial, organizing, and meaning-related strategies), compared to employees with low job demands. We tested this proposition using a quantitative diary study. Fifty-four employees provided data twice daily across one work week (on average, 7 daily entries). Supporting the hypotheses, prosocial energy management was positively related to job satisfaction. Moreover, employees with high job demands were less emotionally exhausted when using prosocial strategies. Contrary to predictions, when using organizing strategies, employees with low job demands had higher job satisfaction and lower emotional exhaustion. Under high job demands, greater use of organizing strategies was associated with lower job satisfaction and higher emotional exhaustion. Finally, use of meaning-related strategies was associated with higher emotional exhaustion when job demands were low. With this research, we position energy management as part of a resource investment process aimed at maintaining and improving occupational well-being. Our findings show that this resource investment will be more or less effective depending on the type of strategy used and the existing drain on resources (i.e., job demands). This is the first study to examine momentary effects of distinct types of work-related energy management strategies on occupational well-being

Interventions for infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis (including cradle cap) (Protocol)

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of interventions for infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis in children from birth to 24 months of age

Investigation of fatigue by Australian General Practice Registrars: a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION: Fatigue is the most common undifferentiated problem presenting in general practice. Previous studies have shown that this presentation leads to multiple investigations. There is no published literature describing the management of patients with fatigue by general practice (GP) registrars. AIM: To document the investigation-ordering behaviour of GP registrars in managing patients with a new diagnosis of unexplained fatigue. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT), an ongoing cohort study of GP registrars’ consultations. We established the prevalence of new diagnoses of unexplained fatigue and associations with that diagnosis, the rate of test ordering and the number and types of investigations ordered. RESULTS: 644 registrars contributed data from 68 986 encounters. In 0.78% of patient encounters, a new diagnosis of unexplained fatigue was made. Pathology was ordered in 78.4% of these problems (versus 18.1% in non-fatigue problems), at a rate of 488 tests per 100 new fatigue problems. DISCUSSION: Our study suggests that unexplained fatigue elicits a non-rational approach to test ordering by registrars. These findings contribute to the understanding of GP registrar management of fatigue, and undifferentiated presentations more broadly, and suggest educational approaches to improve practice, including dealing with uncertainty

Reimagining Restitution: New Approaches to Support Youth and Communities

Courts began ordering youth restitution in the 1960s as a less restrictive sanction than probation or incarceration for mostly white youth. Since then, restitution has been linked to higher recidivism rates and heightened racial and economic disparities in the juvenile justice system. This report provides an overview of the historical and current landscape of restitution imposed on youth, the impact of restitution on youth, victims and communities, and provides recommendations for how jurisdictions can reimagine restitution