Patterns of Blunt Use Among Rural Young Adult African-American Men

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.02

Resilience in land management planning : policy mandates, approaches, and resources

28 pagesClimate change adaptation presents a challenge for federal land management agencies in the United States. Increasingly, these agencies are turning to the concept of resilience to guide planning for an uncertain future. Resilience refers to the ability of a system to withstand disturbances and maintain its general structure and function. However, the concept can be challenging to operationalize, and a range of types of resilience and definitions for the concept exist. Nonetheless, the concept of resilience can aid in planning by emphasizing uncertainty, nonlinearity, adaptability, and consideration of cross-scale linkages. It also requires accepting the inevitability of ecological disturbances, including wildland fires. This working paper aims to provide background and context to support individuals and groups working to implement resilience in various land management planning contexts and we summarize various frameworks for planning for resilience.This work was supported by the Joint Fire Science Program, grant 16-3-01-10

Adaptive use of nonlethal strategies for minimizing wolf–sheep conflict in Idaho

Worldwide, native predators are killed to protect livestock, an action that can undermine wildlife conservation efforts and create conflicts among stakeholders. An ongoing example is occurring in the western United States, where wolves (Canis lupus) were eradicated by the 1930s but are again present in parts of their historic range. While livestock losses to wolves represent a small fraction of overall livestock mortality, the response to these depredations has resulted in widespread conflicts including significant efforts at lethal wolf control to reduce impacts on livestock producers, especially those with large-scale grazing operations on public lands. A variety of nonlethal methods have proven effective in reducing livestock losses to wolves in small-scale operations but in large-scale, open-range grazing operations, nonlethal management strategies are often presumed ineffective or infeasible. To demonstrate that nonlethal techniques can be effective at large scales, we report a 7-year case study where we strategically applied nonlethal predator deterrents and animal husbandry techniques on an adaptive basis (i.e., based on terrain, proximity to den or rendezvous sites, avoiding overexposure to techniques such as certain lights or sound devices that could result in wolves losing their fear of that device, etc.) to protect sheep (Ovis aries) and wolves on public grazing lands in Idaho. We collected data on sheep depredation mortalities in the protected demonstration study area and compared these data to an adjacent wolf-occupied area where sheep were grazed without the added nonlethal protection measures. Over the 7-year period, sheep depredation losses to wolves were 3.5 times higher in the Nonprotected Area (NPA) than in the Protected Area (PA). Furthermore, no wolves were lethally controlled within the PA and sheep depredation losses to wolves were just 0.02% of the total number of sheep present, the lowest loss rate among sheep-grazing areas in wolf range statewide, whereas wolves were lethally controlled in the NPA. Our demonstration project provides evidence that proactive use of a variety of nonlethal techniques applied conditionally can help reduce depredation on large open-range operations

Planning and managing for resilience : lessons from national forest plan revisions

16 pagesThe forest plan revision process presents an opportunity for managers to reorient a national forest’s management direction in pursuit of resilient landscapes, among other goals. It also represents an opportunity for public engagement and the identification of new roles and responsibilities for governmental and non-governmental entities. Through a Joint Fire Science Program-funded project, we compared three recently completed national forest plan revision processes to determine whether and how planners were able to plan for resilient landscape outcomes. Our work helps illustrate the ways that front-line forest planners attempt to promote landscape resilience while reconciling potentially conflicting pressures and management directions. The lessons from our comparative analysis are relevant for forest managers and key stakeholders attempting to plan in pursuit of more resilient landscapes.This project was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (grant #16-3-01-10)

Planning and managing for resilience : lessons from national forest plan revisions

2 pagesRecent federal forest and wildfire policies have increasingly united around a vision of restoring resilient landscapes in the face of increasingly destructive wildfires driven by altered forest conditions and climate change. The process of revising forest plans guiding national forest management presents opportunities to reorient management informed by concepts of resilience. This Joint Fire Science Program-funded research used case studies of three recently completed national forest plan revision processes to determine whether and how USDA Forest Service staff were able to plan for resilient outcomes. The lessons from our comparative analysis are relevant for forest managers and key stakeholders attempting to plan in pursuit of more resilient landscapes.This research is supported by the Joint Fire Science Program under grant No. 16-3-01-10

Falsification of matching theory: changes in the asymptote of Herrnstein's hyperbola as a function of water deprivation.

Five rats pressed levers on variable-interval schedules of water reinforcement at various levels of water deprivation. In one phase of the experiment, three deprivation conditions that replicated conditions in Heyman and Monaghan (1987) were arranged, along with three less extreme deprivation conditions. In a second phase, water deprivation was arranged so that subjects were exposed to a greater range of access to water per day. Herrnstein's hyperbola described the rats' response-rate data well. The y asymptote, k, of the hyperbola appeared roughly constant over the conditions that replicated those of Heyman and Monaghan, but decreased markedly when less extreme deprivation conditions were included. In addition, k varied systematically when the second method of arranging deprivation was used. These results falsify a strong form of matching theory and confirm predictions made by linear system theory

Use and Mention

This group exhibition examined the continuing resonance of collage for a variety of contemporary artists. The appearance of collage in early twentieth-century art marked an immense alteration in visual experience. In collage, space and time could be sliced and spliced in ways previously unavailable to photography or painting; collage could be additive (placement, juxta-position,com-position) or subtractive (cut, removal). Although mainstream visual technologies have today normalized methods that originated in collage, and although the becoming-orthodox of appropriation and post-production have homogenised the terrain it traverses, collage nonetheless still empowers tactics that play at de-skilling while invoking intimacy, interrupted passivity and subtractive force. A reliance on dramatic juxtaposition was characteristic of classic modernist collage, as in Hannah Höch’s virtuoso works of the 1920s and 30s. Whatever their variety, contemporary applications of collage increasingly tend to forego the method of explosive juxtaposition, often favouring instead an intricate and implosive thinking. Catherine Malabou's writings propose a concept of plasticity that is intimately linked to explosiveness and emphatically separated from elasticity: an elastic form can return to its earlier state after suffering deformations, whereas a plastic form cannot; instead it retains the signs of alteration when stretched, gouged, scarred, re-moulded or cut. Collage in this exhibition is understood as a transferable and mutable apparatus of subtractive plasticity. 'Use & Mention' offers a broad selection of current collage-related activity. Most of the works shown are on paper but also included are texts and video works