Synthesis of Dihydropyridine Spirocycles by Semi-Pinacol-Driven Dearomatization of Pyridines

The identification of the beneficial pharmacokinetic properties of aza-spirocycles has led to the routine incorporation of these highly rigid and three-dimensional structures in pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report an operationally simple synthesis of spirocyclic dihydropyridines via an electrophile-induced dearomative semi-pinacol rearrangement of 4-(1′-hydroxycyclobutyl)pyridines. The various points for diversification of the spirocyclization precursors, as well as the synthetic utility of the amine and ketone functionalities in the products, provide the potential to rapidly assemble medicinally relevant spirocycles

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 27, Folk Festival Supplement

• Hex Signs: A Living Tradition • Decoys and How to Make Them • Kutztown\u27s Plain People • The Old Country Kitchen: Where Food Preparation was an Art • Wooden Toys, Games and Puzzles: The Delight of All Children • A Sketch of the Seminar Stage Programs • Festival Focus • Folk Festival Programs • The Furniture-Makers at the Kutztown Festival • The Muzzle-Loading Gunsmith • Those Rare Things Called Antiques! • Mouth-Watering Baked Goods, Fresh From the Ovens! • The Art of the Potterhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1079/thumbnail.jp

Vertigo's Musical Gaze: Neo-Riemannian Symmetries and Spirals

Laura Mulvey coined the term ‘male gaze’ (1975), using Lacanian theory as a ‘political weapon’ against the standard mode of viewing in which the viewing subject turns onscreen women into fantasy objects. While politically laudable, her article misconstrues Lacan's concept of ‘the gaze’, the power of which emanates from the object itself. We might better serve Lacanian theory by inverting Mulvey's reading of Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo to suggest that Scottie (James Stewart) is himself objectified by the mystique of the ‘object’ he watches and follows: Madeleine (Kim Novak). The screen's gaze reduces spectators to objects too. From this perspective, rather than watching the film, the film can be said to be watching us. This extends to Bernard Herrmann's soundtrack, famously influenced by the yearning of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde . Developing David Schwarz's (2006) musical gaze (in which repeated pedal points of Schubert songs gaze at us), I analyse Vertigo ’s frequent emphasis on the pitch class D. A pedal D is often repeated in alluring yet sinister bare octaves as Scottie follows Madeleine. But at key moments in the film, the pitch becomes a sophisticated tool that captivates us in unique ways. Around this central pitch third‐relationships circle. These resonate with neo‐Riemannian theory, particularly in their hexatonic ‘poles’, which Cohn shows to be agents of the Freudian ‘uncanny’ (2004) and which here also serve as an alternative gaze to the reiterated D. Other pitch constellations, in symmetries or spirals, form similar obsessional musical ‘gazes’ that, using Lacanian theory, prompt the question about whether we are listening to the music or the music is listening to us

Towards a bridging concept for undesirable resilience in social-ecological systems

Resilience is a cross-disciplinary concept that is relevant for understanding the sustainability of the social and environmental conditions in which we live. Most research normatively focuses on building or strengthening resilience, despite growing recognition of the importance of breaking the resilience of, and thus transforming, unsustainable social-ecological systems. Undesirable resilience (cf. lock-ins, social-ecological traps), however, is not only less explored in the academic literature, but its understanding is also more fragmented across different disciplines. This disparity can inhibit collaboration among researchers exploring interdependent challenges in sustainability sciences. In this article, we propose that the term lock-in may contribute to a common understanding of undesirable resilience across scientific fields

Middle East - North Africa and the millennium development goals : implications for German development cooperation

          Closed-loop controlled combustion is a promising technique to improve the overall performance of internal combustion engines and Diesel engines in particular. In order for this technique to be implemented some form of feedback from the combustion process is required. The feedback signal is processed and from it combustionrelated parameters are computed. These parameters are then fed to a control process which drives a series of outputs (e.g. injection timing in Diesel engines) to control their values. This paper’s focus lies on the processing and computation that is needed on the feedback signal before this is ready to be fed to the control process as well as on the electronics necessary to support it. A number of feedback alternatives are briefly discussed and for one of them, the in-cylinder pressure sensor, the CA50 (crank angle in which the integrated heat release curve reaches its 50% value) and the IMEP (Indicated Mean Effective Pressure) are identified as two potential control variables. The hardware architecture of a system capable of calculating both of them on-line is proposed and necessary feasibility size and speed considerations are made by implementing critical blocks in VHDL targeting a flash-based Actel ProASIC3 automotive-grade FPGA

Keep off the grass?:Cannabis, cognition and addiction

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.In an increasing number of states and countries, cannabis now stands poised to join alcohol and tobacco as a legal drug. Quantifying the relative adverse and beneficial effects of cannabis and its constituent cannabinoids should therefore be prioritized. Whereas newspaper headlines have focused on links between cannabis and psychosis, less attention has been paid to the much more common problem of cannabis addiction. Certain cognitive changes have also been attributed to cannabis use, although their causality and longevity are fiercely debated. Identifying why some individuals are more vulnerable than others to the adverse effects of cannabis is now of paramount importance to public health. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about such vulnerability factors, the variations in types of cannabis, and the relationship between these and cognition and addiction.This work was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health to L.H.P. (AA020404, AA006420, AA022249 and AA017447) and by grants from the UK Medical Research Council to H.V.C. and C.J.A.M. (G0800268; MR/K015524/1)

Framing The Design, Evaluation, And Certification Process For Nextgen Technologies And Procedures: Automation Roles And Responsibilities

To address the foreseeable safety and environmental issues associated with the projected increase in air traffic, an overhaul of the existing air traffic management system, referred to as NextGen, is underway. To support NextGen capabilities, a system of new technologies and procedures will replace or be integrated with current technologies and procedures. This overhaul will, no doubt, change a pilot\u27s roles and responsibilities, in addition to challenging their existing and future interactions with flight deck automation. To address these challenges, current efforts are being made to develop taxonomies, guidelines, and recommendation that aid with designing, evaluating, and certifying NextGen technologies and procedures. The specific focus for these products is on mitigating pilot error that results from the poor design and integration of NextGen technologies and procedures. The goal of the proposed panel will be to introduce these products, and gain insight and receive feedback from the audience on their methodology and their practical application. Copyright 2011 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved

Framing the Design, Evaluation, and Certification Process for NextGen Technologies and Procedures: Automation Roles and Responsibilities

To address the foreseeable safety and environmental issues associated with the projected increase in air traffic, an overhaul of the existing air traffic management system, referred to as NextGen, is underway. To support NextGen capabilities, a system of new technologies and procedures will replace or be integrated with current technologies and procedures. This overhaul will, no doubt, change a pilot\u27s roles and responsibilities, in addition to challenging their existing and future interactions with flight deck automation. To address these challenges, current efforts are being made to develop taxonomies, guidelines, and recommendation that aid with designing, evaluating, and certifying NextGen technologies and procedures. The specific focus for these products is on mitigating pilot error that results from the poor design and integration of NextGen technologies and procedures. The goal of the proposed panel will be to introduce these products, and gain insight and receive feedback from the audience on their methodology and their practical application. Copyright 2011 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved

Developing a team performance framework for the intensive care unit

Objective: There is a growing literature on the relationship between teamwork and patient outcomes in intensive care, providing new insights into the skills required for effective team performance. The purpose of this review is to consolidate the most robust findings from this research into an intensive care unit (ICU) team performance framework. Data Sources: Studies investigating teamwork within the ICU using PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Knowledge databases. Study Selection: Studies investigating the relationship between aspects of teamwork and ICU outcomes, or studies testing factors that are found to influence team working in the ICU. Data Extraction: Teamwork behaviors associated with patient or staff-related outcomes in the ICU were identified. Data Synthesis: Teamwork behaviors were grouped according to the team process categories of "team communication," "team leadership," "team coordination," and "team decision making." A prototype framework explaining the team performance in the ICU was developed using these categories. The purpose of the framework is to consolidate the existing ICU teamwork literature and to guide the development and testing of interventions for improving teamwork. Conclusions: Effective teamwork is shown as crucial for providing optimal patient care in the ICU. In particular, team leadership seems vital for guiding the way in which ICU team members interact and coordinate with others

A missense mutation in the ClC-7 chloride channel causes hamartomas with osteopetrosis in cattle.

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