86 research outputs found

    The Economic Roots of Species Invasions

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    The Economic Roots of Species Invasions

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    Breastfeeding and risk for ceasing in mothers of preterm infants-long-term follow-up

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    Breastfeeding is challenging for mothers of preterm infants. The aim of this paper is to describe risk factors for ceasing breastfeeding and methods of feeding until 12 months postnatal age in mothers who breastfed their preterm infants at discharge from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The data come from a randomised controlled trial, which evaluated the effectiveness on exclusive breastfeeding at 8 weeks of proactive telephone support compared to reactive support offered to mothers of preterm infants following discharge from NICU. Six NICUs across Sweden randomised a total 493 mothers. We used regression and survival analyses to assess the risk factors for ceasing breastfeeding and the long-term outcomes of the intervention. The results showed that 305 (64%) of the infants were breastfed at six months and 49 (21%) at 12 months. Partial breastfeeding at discharge, low maternal educational level and longer length of stay in the NICU increased the risk for ceasing breastfeeding during the first 12 months. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the proportion of mothers who ceased breastfeeding did not differ between the intervention (n=231) and controls (n=262) during the first 12 months (Log rank test p=0.68). No difference was found between groups on method of feeding. More than 85% of the infants were fed directly at the breast. These findings provide important insights for health professionals who are supporting mothers of preterm infants to breastfeed long-term. Registered in www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01806480)

    The Art and Science of Weed Mapping

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    Land managers need cost-effective and informative tools for non-native plant species management. Many local, state, and federal agencies adopted mapping systems designed to collect comparable data for the early detection and monitoring of non-native species. We compared mapping information to statistically rigorous, plot-based methods to better understand the benefits and compatibility of the two techniques. Mapping non-native species locations provided a species list, associated species distributions, and infested area for subjectively selected survey sites. The value of this information may be compromised by crude estimates of cover and incomplete or biased estimations of species distributions. Incorporating plot-based assessments guided by a stratified-random sample design provided a less biased description of non-native species distributions and increased the comparability of data over time and across regions for the inventory, monitoring, and management of non-native and native plant species

    The effectiveness of proactive telephone support provided to breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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    Background: Although breast milk has numerous benefits for infants' development, with greater effects in those born preterm (at < 37 gestational weeks), mothers of preterm infants have shorter breastfeeding duration than mothers of term infants. One of the explanations proposed is the difficulties in the transition from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) to the home environment. A person-centred proactive telephone support intervention after discharge from NICU is expected to promote mothers' sense of trust in their own capacity and thereby facilitate breastfeeding. Methods/design: A multicentre randomized controlled trial has been designed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of person-centred proactive telephone support on breastfeeding outcomes for mothers of preterm infants. Participating mothers will be randomized to either an intervention group or control group. In the intervention group person-centred proactive telephone support will be provided, in which the support team phones the mother daily for up to 14 days after hospital discharge. In the control group, mothers are offered a person-centred reactive support where mothers can phone the breastfeeding support team up to day 14 after hospital discharge. The intervention group will also be offered the same reactive telephone support as the control group. A stratified block randomization will be used; group allocation will be by high or low socioeconomic status and by NICU. Recruitment will be performed continuously until 1116 mothers (I: 558 C: 558) have been included. Primary outcome: proportion of mothers exclusively breastfeeding at eight weeks after discharge. Secondary outcomes: proportion of breastfeeding (exclusive, partial, none and method of feeding), mothers satisfaction with breastfeeding, attachment, stress and quality of life in mothers/partners at eight weeks after hospital discharge and at six months postnatal age. Data will be collected by researchers blind to group allocation for the primary outcome. A qualitative evaluation of experiences of receiving/providing the intervention will also be undertaken with mothers and staff. Discussion: This paper presents the rationale, study design and protocol for a RCT providing person-centred proactive telephone support to mothers of preterm infants. Furthermore, with a health economic evaluation, the cost-effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed

    ’Viktfri amning’ : – utvĂ€rdering av och följsamhet till en ny vĂ„rdrutin vid övergĂ„ngen frĂ„n sondmatning till amning hos prematura barn pĂ„ neonatalavdelning.

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    De flesta prematura barn behöver sondmatas de första veckorna eller mĂ„naderna pĂ„ grund av deras omogna sugbeteende. Hur man pĂ„ bĂ€sta sĂ€tt stödjer barnet i övergĂ„ngen frĂ„n sondmatning till amning Ă€r inte klart samt att vĂ„rden kring övergĂ„ngen frĂ„n sondmatning till amning Ă€r reglerad med icke evidensbaserade riktlinjer och vĂ„rdrutiner. Syftet med studien var att utvĂ€rdera effekter av och följsamhet till en ny vĂ„rdrutin, ’viktfri amning’, vid en neonatalavdelning i Sverige. Vidare avsĂ„gs att beskriva mammors upplevelse av amning pĂ„ neonatalavdelningen dĂ„ vĂ„rdrutinen ’viktfri amning’ anvĂ€ndes. Tre designer och metoder anvĂ€ndes: 1) en komparativ journalgranskning av barn som vĂ„rdas pĂ„ neonatalavdelning före och efter implementeringen av ’viktfri amning’. De tvĂ„ studerade grupperna var a) grupp 1 amningsvĂ€gningsgrupp (n=196) och b) grupp 2 ’viktfri amning’ (n=169). 2) en deskriptiv tvĂ€rsnittstudie och 3) en kvalitativ innehĂ„llsanalys av personal (n=60) och mammor (n=80), bĂ„de mammor och personal erhöll ett frĂ„geformulĂ€r som undersökte deras syn pĂ„, erfarenheter och följsamhet till den nya vĂ„rdrutinen ’viktfri amning’. Resultatet av journalgranskningen visade att det inte fanns nĂ„gra statistiskt signifikanta skillnader avseende sondtidens lĂ€ngd, vĂ„rdtidens lĂ€ngd, postmenstruell Ă„lder vid utskrivning, viktökning, utskrivningsvikt och uppfödningssĂ€tt mellan grupp 1 och grupp 2. DĂ€remot var andelen delvis ammade barn större i grupp 2. Vidare visar resultatet att vĂ„rdrutinen ’viktfri amning’ inte tillĂ€mpades sĂ„ som det beskrevs i riktlinjerna dĂ„ barn amningsvĂ€gdes vid enstaka tillfĂ€llen. Bland personalen anser 56 % att mammorna som initierar amningsvĂ€gningen och bland mammorna angav 31 % att de initierade amningsvĂ€gningen. Av fynden frĂ„n mammornas och personalens synpunkter visar att de flesta ammar för att det Ă€r det bĂ€sta för barnet, men att det finns omrĂ„den kring vĂ„rden runt amning som kan förbĂ€ttras. Personalen bör vara försiktig med att ge nya rĂ„d till mammorna och se till att amningsstunden blir ostörd och kravlös. Urpumpning av bröstmjölken upplevdes stressig, besvĂ€rlig och onaturlig av mĂ„nga mammor, dĂ€r kan det vara lĂ€mpligt att se över miljön och rutiner, för att minska stressen. Denna studie visar att det inte har blivit nĂ„gra stora negativa effekter pĂ„ barnen av den nya vĂ„rdrutinen bortsett frĂ„n den ökade risken att amma delvis. Följsamheten till riktlinjerna vare sig det Ă€r amningsvĂ€gning eller ’viktfri amning’ Ă€r tveksam och nĂ„gra klara evidens kunde inte hittas. Att designa randomiserade kontrollerade studier pĂ„ effekten av vĂ„rdrutiner relaterade till amning Ă€r viktigt. SĂ„dan kunskap och förbĂ€ttringar ger förhoppningsvis fler mammorna möjlighet att amma exklusivt

    Breastfeeding in mothers of preterm infants : Prevalence and effects of support

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    The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the prevalence of breastfeeding in preterm infants and to evaluate the effectiveness and mother’s experiences of proactive person-centred telephone support after discharge. Furthermore, to describe the duration of breastfeeding and risks of ceasing breastfeeding up to 12 months. The first study, a register study with data from the Swedish Neonatal Quality register (SNQ), included breastfeeding data at discharge from 29 445 preterm infants born from 2004-2013. The results demonstrated that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among preterm infants in Sweden decreased during the study period, especially among extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks). We also performed a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) of 493 breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants discharged from six neonatal units in Sweden. The intervention consisted of a proactive breastfeeding telephone support system in which a breastfeeding support team called the mothers once everyday up to 14 days after discharge. The control group received reactive support; the mothers were invited to call the breastfeeding support team if they wanted to talk or ask any questions (i.e., usual care). The RCT demonstrated that the intervention did not affect exclusive breastfeeding at eight weeks after discharge (primary outcome) or up to 12 months. The proactive support did not affect maternal breastfeeding satisfaction, attachment, quality of life or method of feeding (secondary outcomes). However, parental stress was significantly reduced in mothers in the intervention group. Mothers in the intervention group were significantly more satisfied and involved in the support and felt empowered compared with mothers in the control group, who experienced reactive support as dual. Further findings showed that a lower maternal educational level, partial breastfeeding at discharge and longer stay in the neonatal unit increased the risk of ceasing breastfeeding during the first 12 months of postnatal age. In conclusion, the trend for exclusive breastfeeding at discharge in preterm infants is declining, which necessitates concern. The evaluated intervention of telephone support did not affect breastfeeding, in the short-or long-term. However, maternal stress was reduced and mothers were significantly more satisfied with the proactive support and felt empowered by the support

    ’Viktfri amning’ : – utvĂ€rdering av och följsamhet till en ny vĂ„rdrutin vid övergĂ„ngen frĂ„n sondmatning till amning hos prematura barn pĂ„ neonatalavdelning.

    No full text
    De flesta prematura barn behöver sondmatas de första veckorna eller mĂ„naderna pĂ„ grund av deras omogna sugbeteende. Hur man pĂ„ bĂ€sta sĂ€tt stödjer barnet i övergĂ„ngen frĂ„n sondmatning till amning Ă€r inte klart samt att vĂ„rden kring övergĂ„ngen frĂ„n sondmatning till amning Ă€r reglerad med icke evidensbaserade riktlinjer och vĂ„rdrutiner. Syftet med studien var att utvĂ€rdera effekter av och följsamhet till en ny vĂ„rdrutin, ’viktfri amning’, vid en neonatalavdelning i Sverige. Vidare avsĂ„gs att beskriva mammors upplevelse av amning pĂ„ neonatalavdelningen dĂ„ vĂ„rdrutinen ’viktfri amning’ anvĂ€ndes. Tre designer och metoder anvĂ€ndes: 1) en komparativ journalgranskning av barn som vĂ„rdas pĂ„ neonatalavdelning före och efter implementeringen av ’viktfri amning’. De tvĂ„ studerade grupperna var a) grupp 1 amningsvĂ€gningsgrupp (n=196) och b) grupp 2 ’viktfri amning’ (n=169). 2) en deskriptiv tvĂ€rsnittstudie och 3) en kvalitativ innehĂ„llsanalys av personal (n=60) och mammor (n=80), bĂ„de mammor och personal erhöll ett frĂ„geformulĂ€r som undersökte deras syn pĂ„, erfarenheter och följsamhet till den nya vĂ„rdrutinen ’viktfri amning’. Resultatet av journalgranskningen visade att det inte fanns nĂ„gra statistiskt signifikanta skillnader avseende sondtidens lĂ€ngd, vĂ„rdtidens lĂ€ngd, postmenstruell Ă„lder vid utskrivning, viktökning, utskrivningsvikt och uppfödningssĂ€tt mellan grupp 1 och grupp 2. DĂ€remot var andelen delvis ammade barn större i grupp 2. Vidare visar resultatet att vĂ„rdrutinen ’viktfri amning’ inte tillĂ€mpades sĂ„ som det beskrevs i riktlinjerna dĂ„ barn amningsvĂ€gdes vid enstaka tillfĂ€llen. Bland personalen anser 56 % att mammorna som initierar amningsvĂ€gningen och bland mammorna angav 31 % att de initierade amningsvĂ€gningen. Av fynden frĂ„n mammornas och personalens synpunkter visar att de flesta ammar för att det Ă€r det bĂ€sta för barnet, men att det finns omrĂ„den kring vĂ„rden runt amning som kan förbĂ€ttras. Personalen bör vara försiktig med att ge nya rĂ„d till mammorna och se till att amningsstunden blir ostörd och kravlös. Urpumpning av bröstmjölken upplevdes stressig, besvĂ€rlig och onaturlig av mĂ„nga mammor, dĂ€r kan det vara lĂ€mpligt att se över miljön och rutiner, för att minska stressen. Denna studie visar att det inte har blivit nĂ„gra stora negativa effekter pĂ„ barnen av den nya vĂ„rdrutinen bortsett frĂ„n den ökade risken att amma delvis. Följsamheten till riktlinjerna vare sig det Ă€r amningsvĂ€gning eller ’viktfri amning’ Ă€r tveksam och nĂ„gra klara evidens kunde inte hittas. Att designa randomiserade kontrollerade studier pĂ„ effekten av vĂ„rdrutiner relaterade till amning Ă€r viktigt. SĂ„dan kunskap och förbĂ€ttringar ger förhoppningsvis fler mammorna möjlighet att amma exklusivt
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