Supporting Counselors-in-Training: A Toolbox for Doctoral Student Supervisors

Counselor education doctoral students are often required to supervise master-level counselors-in-training as part of their supervision internship. While practical, this arrangement places doctoral students and their supervisees in potentially compromised situations, given their lack of experience in these respective roles. This article offers a toolbox of strategies doctoral student supervisors can use to facilitate their work with counselors-in-training. These strategies address focus areas identified through prior research. Doctoral student supervisors are encouraged to use this toolbox in conjunction with the support and guidance of their faculty supervisor as they navigate clinical supervision

Supporting Counselors-in-Training: A Toolbox for Doctoral Student Supervisors

Counselor education doctoral students are often required to supervise master-level counselors-in-training as part of their supervision internship. While practical, this arrangement places doctoral students and their supervisees in potentially compromised situations, given their lack of experience in these respective roles. This article offers a toolbox of strategies doctoral student supervisors can use to facilitate their work with counselors-in-training. These strategies address focus areas identified through prior research. Doctoral student supervisors are encouraged to use this toolbox in conjunction with the support and guidance of their faculty supervisor as they navigate clinical supervision

Exclusive development of T cell neoplasms in mice transplanted with bone marrow expressing activated Notch alleles

Notch is a highly conserved transmembrane protein that is involved in cell fate decisions and is found in organisms ranging from Drosophila to humans. A human homologue of Notch, TAN1, was initially identified at the chromosomal breakpoint of a subset of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphomas containing a t(7;9) chromosomal translocation; however, its role in oncogenesis has been unclear. Using a bone marrow reconstitution assay with cells containing retrovirally transduced TAN1 alleles, we analyzed the oncogenic potential of both nuclear and extranuclear forms of truncated TAN1 in hematopoietic cells. Although the Moloney leukemia virus long terminal repeat drives expression in most hematopoietic cell types, retroviruses encoding either form of the TAN1 protein induced clonal leukemias of exclusively immature T cell phenotypes in approximately 50% of transplanted animals. All tumors overexpressed truncated TAN1 of the size and subcellular localization predicted from the structure of the gene. These results show that TAN1 is an oncoprotein and suggest that truncation and overexpression are important determinants of transforming activity. Moreover, the murine tumors caused by TAN1 in the bone marrow transplant model are very similar to the TAN1-associated human tumors and suggest that TAN1 may be specifically oncotropic for T cells

Publix Supermarkets, Inc.

All traditional brick-and-mortar retailers are struggling with how best to deal with threats from online retailers. However, the supermarket industry is also dealing with pressure from new foreign entrants like Aldi and Lidl. Perhaps nowhere is this more evident than in the southeastern United States, where Publix operates. Publix is an employee-owned supermarket chain with excellent service, high margins and strong growth in sales and profits. The company has also had some success with Internet offerings. However, is the company’s business model going to sustain it in this increasingly competitive industry, or are changes needed? This case focuses on the entrance of Publix into the Richmond Virginia market

Direct Correlation between Diffusion of Loxosceles reclusa Venom and Extent of Dermal Inflammation

Objectives: Envenomation by Loxosceles species (brown recluse) spiders results in large dermal inflammatory lesions. Venom-induced dermal inflammation occurs indirectly via soluble mediators of inflammation. This study aimed to explore whether the anatomic extent of dermonecrotic arachnidism is due to the cascade of soluble proinflammatory mediators elicited by venom deposited at the bite site, or due to diffusion of the venom per se. Methods: Three New Zealand white rabbits received intradermal L. reclusa venom (3-Μg) injections in the flank. At the time of maximum dermal inflammation (24 hr), paired 4-mm dermal biopsies were obtained in 2-cm intervals extending 0 to 12 cm from the inoculation site. Normal dermal tissue was obtained from the opposite flank to serve as a negative control. One biopsy sample from each interval was homogenized and assayed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and for the presence of venom via an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The other paired dermal biopsy was sectioned, and examined for the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) by microscopy. Lesional areas were measured using digital images imported into imaging software. Results: Mean ± SD lesional diameter 24 hours post inoculation measured 9.18 ± 0.64 cm. Venom was detected in biopsies 0 to 10 cm from the injection site. As expected, the highest venom concentrations were measured at the inoculation site (4.28 ± 3.9 ng/4 mm). In addition, PMNs and MPO were detected up to 8 and 10 cm from the inoculation site, respectively. Neither PMNs nor MPO was detected in tissue absent of venom (kappa = 0.88, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Loxosceles venom diffuses from the envenomation site. The extent of dermal inflammation mirrors the extent of Loxosceles venom diffusion. This observation implies that the venom itself defines the extent and magnitude of tissue injury following Loxosceles envenomation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74825/1/j.1553-2712.2001.tb02107.x.pd

Oxyradical mediated tissue injury

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26080/1/0000156.pd

Neutrophil Adhesion to Human Endothelial Cells is Induced by the Membrane Attack Complex: The Roles of P-Selectin and Platelet Activating Factor

A variety of inflammatory diseases are accompanied by activation of the complement system. We examined the role of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in mediating neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. To assemble the MAC in endothelial cell monolayers, a C5b-like molecule was created through the treatment of purified C5 with the oxidizing agent chloramine-T, followed by addition of the remaining components (C6-C9) that constitute the MAC. Use of this method abrogated potentially confounding effects mediated by other complement components (e.g., C5a). MAC assembly resulted in a rapid (30 min), concentration-dependent increase in neutrophil adherence. A monoclonal antibody directed against P-selectin inhibited MAC-mediated neutrophil adhesion. A whole cell EIA confirmed P-selectin expression after formation of the MAC. Incubation of neutrophils with the platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist, CF 3988, also significantly decreased adhesion, indicating that PAF plays a role in MAC-mediated adhesion. These results suggest that the MAC can promote neutrophil adhesion through P-selectin and PAF-mediated mechanisms.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44521/1/10753_2004_Article_415305.pd

Loxosceles deserta Spider Venom Induces the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Keratinocytes

Evenomation by arachnids of the genus Loxosceles frequently results in disfiguring necrotic skin lesions. The cellular and molecular mechanisms which contribute to lesion development are incompletely defined but appear to involve participation of several pro-inflammatory mediators. We have recently observed that Loxosceles deserta venom induces the production of chemokines in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human pulmonary epithelial cells. In the present study we observed that Loxosceles deserta venom induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human keratinocytes but little in smooth muscle cells and none in pulmonary epithelial cells. A potent endothelial cell-specific mitogen, VEGF induces angiogenesis and vascular permeability in vivo. RNase protection assay data indicate that VEGF mRNA concentrations in keratinocytes are significantly increased at 2 h following venom exposure. These data suggest that keratinocyte-derived VEGF may contribute to the vasodilation, edema and erythema which occur following Loxosceles evenomation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44528/1/10753_2004_Article_220727.pd