Zoledronic acid treatment did not reduce establishment of metastases in RM1(BM) injected mice.

<p>(A) Total number of metastases, (B) bone-metastases, or (C) soft tissue metastases as assessed by one-way ANOVA. Each point represents the number of metastases in an individual mouse, bars indicate the median within the group.</p

Histological analysis with tetrachrome stain for effects of zoledronic acid-treatment on normal and tumour-bearing bones.

<p>Tetrachrome stain for differentiation of mineralised and unmineralised bone at 120x magnification Normal (A), or RM1(BM) tumour bearing bones (B–D). (A&B) Untreated, (C) 20 µg/kg ZOL (D) 100 µg/kg ZOL. T = tumour, Arrow = Trabecular bone.</p

Zoledronic acid preserves bone structure.

<p>MicroCT scans of mouse femur and tibia; normal control (A), RM1(BM) tumour-bearing (B), RM1(BM) tumour-bearing treated with the 20 µg/kg ZOL regimen (C), RM1(BM) tumour-bearing treated with the 100 µg/kg ZOL regimen (D).</p

Histological analysis of the effects of zoledronic acid-treatment on normal and tumour-bearing bones.

<p>H&E stained sections of the femoral head at 40X (A, C, E and G) and 120X (B, D, F and H) magnification showing normal (A&B) and RM1(BM) tumour bearing bones (C–H); Typical examples of bones from untreated mice (A–D) and mice treated with 20 µg/kg ZOL (E&F) or 100 µg/kg ZOL (G&H) are shown. T = tumour, Arrow = Trabecular bone.</p

Additional file 1: of Risk factors for hospitalized patients with resistant or multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table S1. Search Strategy. Table S2. Patient–related Multivariate Risk Factors of Acquistion of MDR P. aeruginosa. Table S3. Antibiotic Treatment–related Multivariate Risk Factors of Acquistion of MDR P. aeruginosa. Table S4. Other Treatment–related Multivariate Risk Factors of Acquistion of MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa. Table S5. Hospital–related Multivariate Risk Factors of Acquistion of MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa. Table S6. Patient–related Multivariate Risk Factors of Acquistion of Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Table S7. Antibiotic Treatment–related Multivariate Risk Factors of Acquistion of Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Table S8. Other Treatment–related Multivariate Risk Factors of Acquistion of Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Table S9. Hospital–related Multivariate Risk Factors of Acquistion of Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Table S10. Multivariate Risk Factors of Acquistion of Resistant P. aeruginosa. Figure S1. Meta-analysis of Risk Factors for Carbapenem versus Susceptible P. aeruginosa Acquisition. Figure S2. Meta-analysis of Prior Use of Carbapenem as a Risk Factor for Carbapenem versus Susceptible P. aeruginosa Acquisition. Figure S3. Meta-analysis of Prior Use of Fluoroquinolones as a Risk Factor for Quinolone-resistant versus Susceptible P. aeruginosa Acquisition. (DOCX 182 kb

Zoledronic acid treatment alters bone volume and the bone surface-area:volume ratio in normal and tumour-bearing bones.

<p>There was no significant change in bone surface area (A) induced by the presence of a tumour or treatment with zoledronic acid. However, bone volume was dramatically reduced in RM1(BM) containing bones and the treatment with ZOL prevented this loss in a dose-dependent manner (B), resulting in lower surface area/volume ratio (increased bone density) compared to normal or tumor-bearing bones (C). Results are based on measurements obtained from CT scans as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0019389#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> section. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post test, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.</p

Zoledronic acid treatment improves mouse survival but does not reduce the number of metastases.

<p>(A) Kaplan-Meier survival plot of mice given an intra-arterial injection of RM1(BM) cells followed by treatment with the 100 µg/kg or 20 µg/kg zoledronic dosing regimens or vehicle only as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0019389#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. The log rank test for trend indicates a trend of increased survival with increasing dose (p = 0.012), and a significant difference in survival between mice in the 100 µg/kg dose group vs vehicle control groups (p = 0.031, Kaplan-Meier followed by Breslow pair-wise comparison using SPSS 17.0).</p

Surrogate markers of bone metabolism in serum of normal, tumor-bearing and zoledronic acid treated mice.

<p>(A) Levels of the osteoblast marker, osteocalcin were reduced in serum of zoledronic acid treated mice. (B<i>)</i> Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, an indicator of osteoclast activity, was also reduced with treatment. Points on the graph represent serum levels for individual mice while bars show the position of the means within each group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA for analysis followed by Tukey's post test. *** p<0.001.</p

MoParkeR : Multi-objective parking recommendation

Existing parking recommendation solutions mainly focus on finding and suggesting parking spaces based on the unoccupied options only. However, there are other factors associated with parking spaces that can influence someone’s choice of parking such as fare, parking rule, walking distance to destination, travel time, likelihood to be unoccupied at a given time. More importantly, these factors may change over time and conflict with each other which makes the recommendations produced by current parking recommender systems ineffective. In this paper, we propose a novel problem called multi-objective parking recommendation. We present a solution by designing a multi-objective parking recommendation engine called MoParkeR that considers various conflicting factors together. Specifically, we utilise a non-dominated sorting technique to calculate a set of Pareto-optimal solutions, consisting of recommended trade-off parking spots. We conduct extensive experiments using two real-world datasets to show the applicability of our multi-objective recommendation methodology