Case Study: Factors Affecting the Behavior of School Students in the Age of Pre-Adolescence

Using multilevel modeling, this study sought to understand the factors affecting the behaviour of school students at the age of pre-adolescence. The study included 1977 pre-adolescents (1031 boys, 946 girls) from middle schools (Grades 4–7) in suburban areas of the United States from the Department of Children and Family (DCF) 2014 National Child and Youth Panel Survey database. The individual and environmental effects of significant factors affecting pre-adolescent behavior were studied using multilevel models. Among the characteristics linked to emotional-behavioral difficulties were BMI, study tendency, and socioeconomic status. Emotional-behavioral disorders were linked to connections with teachers, according to more studies. The school, family, friends, community, and media all negatively affect students\u27 conduct. As a result, similar educational institutions should teach students social and emotional skills. This may help reduce student disruption. Individual and environmental factors influence pre-adolescents\u27 emotional-behavioral issues. Preventing emotional-behavioral issues require addressing both the environment in which preadolescents live and their unique traits

Investigating the Impact of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on English as a Second Language (ESL) Instruction in the Classroom

This research study aimed to investigate the impact of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction in the classroom. The integration of CALL had gained increasing attention in language learning due to its potential to enhance instructional practices and learner outcomes. However, empirical research was needed to examine the specific effects of CALL in the ESL context. The study began with a comprehensive literature review to identify gaps and areas requiring further investigation. Specific research questions were formulated to address these gaps. The research design was determined based on the objectives, utilizing an appropriate methodology such as experimental, quasi-experimental, or mixed methods design. Participants consisted of ESL learners from a specific age group or proficiency level, and a suitable sample size and sampling method were determined. Data collection involved various methods such as surveys, observations, interviews, and pre/post-tests to gather comprehensive data. Ethical considerations were addressed, ensuring informed consent and data privacy. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical or qualitative analysis techniques. The results were interpreted to answer the research questions and contribute to the understanding of the impact of CALL on ESL instruction. Visual representations, such as charts and graphs, were included to enhance the presentation of results. The discussion and conclusion provided an interpretation of the findings and their implications for ESL instruction and the integration of CALL. Comparisons with previous research were made, and the limitations of the study were acknowledged. Recommendations for ESL teachers, curriculum developers, and policymakers were provided based on the study\u27s findings. Finally, suggestions for future research were presented to further explore the potential of CALL in the ESL classroom. The research study aimed to contribute to the field of language learning and provide insights that could inform pedagogical practices and instructional design

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Trends in Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among General Population: A Study from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public health problem, despite the availability of effective vaccine and improvements in antiviral therapy. About 350 million people become chronic carriers of the virus and over 1 million die annually from HBV associated liver disease and a significant number of the chronic carriers may develop liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 951 participants (568 males and 383 females) from areas around our hospital were included in the study. Blood was collected from participants and sera were separated. Samples which showed positive for HBsAg by rapid test were tested for HBsAg by ELISA technique. Of the 951 samples, 40 (4.2%) were positive for HBsAg. High prevalence was recorded in males 25/951 (2.6%) than females 15/951 (1.6%). More number of positive cases (11/951 (1.2%)) were fall in the age group of 30-39. Data on HBV prevalence at country level are needed to estimate disease burden and to formulate health and vaccine policy