Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Contribution à l'évaluation des risques liés à la présence de cadmium dans les aliments (Etude des interactions entre le cadmium et les minéraux essentiels par dosage simultané par ICP-MS)

CLERMONT FD-BCIU Sci.et Tech. (630142101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Contribution à l'appréciation du risque pour l'homme lié à la présence de phycotoxines neurologiques dans les coquillages (mise en place d'un système de management de la qualité en recherche)

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Spéciation de l'arsenic dans les produits de la pêche par couplage HPLC-ICP-MS après extraction assitée pas micro-ondes (MAE) (contribution à l'évaluation des risques par l'estimation de sa bioaccessibilité)

PARIS-AgroParisTech Centre Paris (751052302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Dietary exposure to mycotoxins in the French infant total diet study

International audienceThe present study evaluated the exposure of children aged from one to 36 months to seven groups of mycotoxins, in the context of the infant French Total Diet Study (iTDS). Exposure was then compared to the health-based guidance values (HBGVs) for each mycotoxin. The value of the 90th percentile of exposure to nivalenol, patulin, fumonisins and zearalenone was less than 40% of the HBGV considered relevant for children. On the other hand, a risk could not be excluded for ochratoxin A and aflatoxins as exposure was close to the HBGV for ochratoxin A and the margin of exposure was much lower than the critical margin of 10,000 for aflatoxins. The HBGVs for toxins T2 and HT2, and for deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated compounds were exceeded. Five percent to 10% of the children aged 5–12 months exceeded the HBGV considering the lower bound hypothesis for toxins T2 and HT2 and 7.5%–27% of the children aged 5 months and above exceeded the HBGV for DON. Consequently, the exposure of young children raises safety concerns for T2/HT2 and DON. Efforts should therefore be pursued to decrease their exposure to these molecules

Risques liés aux pinnatoxines dans les coquillages: Avis de l'Anses. Rapport d'expertise collective

Dans un rapport de 2012, l'Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (Ifremer) mettait en évidence la présence de pinnatoxines (PnTX), produites par le dinoflagellé Vulcanodinium rugosum, dans des moules de l’étang d’Ingril (Hérault). Les concentrations variaient fortement selon les années (2010, 2011 et 2012), avec un maximum de 1244 μg de PnTX G par kg de coquillages en poids frais en 2010 (rapport Ifremer, septembre 2012, Pinnatoxines en lien avec l’espèce Vulcanodinium rugosum). En juillet 2015, une concentration de 1143 μg de PnTX G par kg de coquillages a été rapportée par l’Ifremer.La présence de ces toxines pourrait expliquer des cas de discordance entre les résultats obtenus par le bioessai sur souris et ceux obtenus par analyse chimique (LC-MS/MS) observés dans les moules de l’étang d’Ingril dans le cadre du dispositif de vigilance pour les biotoxines marines lipophiles dans les coquillages, piloté par la DGAL. Par ailleurs, des travaux de l’Université de Trieste, menés en collaboration avec le CNRS (Gif-sur-Yvette) et l’Anses (Fougères), ont établi une dose létale à 50% (DL50) d’environ 200 μg/kg pc chez la souris par gavage (rapport Anses-Université de Trieste-CNRS 2014)

Health risk assessment related to pinnatoxins in French shellfish

International audiencePinnatoxins (PnTXs) are a group of emerging marine biotoxins produced by the benthic dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, currently not regulated in Europe or in any other country in the world. In France, PnTXs were detected for the first time in 2011, in mussels from the Ingril lagoon (South of France, Mediterranean coast). Since then, analyses carried out in mussels from this lagoon have shown high concentrations of PnTXs for several months each year. PnTXs have also been detected, to a lesser extent, in mussels from other Mediterranean lagoons and on the Atlantic and Corsican coasts. In the French data, the main analog is PnTX G (low levels of PnTX A are also present in some samples). No cases of PnTXs poisoning in humans have been reported so far in France or anywhere else in the world. In mice, PnTXs induce acute neurotoxic effects, within a few minutes after oral administration. Clinical signs of toxicity include decreased mobility, paralysis of the hind legs, tremors, jumps and breathing difficulties leading to death by respiratory arrest at high doses. The French agency for food safety (ANSES) recently conducted a review of the state of knowledge related to PnTXs and V. rugosum. Based on (i) the clinical signs of toxicity in mice, (ii) the mode of action of PnTXs as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive antagonists and (iii) knowledge on drugs and natural toxins with PnTX-related pharmacology, potential human symptoms have been extrapolated and proposed. In this work, a provisional acute benchmark value for PnTX G of 0.13 μg/kg bw per day has been derived from an oral acute toxicity study in mice. Based on this value and a large shellfish meat portion size of 400g, a concentration lower than 23 μg PnTX G/kg shellfish meat is not expected to result in adverse effects in humans. ANSES recommends taking into account PnTXs in the French official monitoring program for shellfish production and identified data gaps to refine health risk assessment