EFFECT OF SHARPUNKHAMULACHURNA WITH TANDULODAK IN ASRUGDARA

Any abnormality in Rutuchakra (menstrual rhythm) leads excessive and irregular uterine bleeding which is known as “Asrugdara” in classical text. In routine practice of Striroga and Prasutitantra number of patients present with excessive and irregular bleeding vaginally. To study the effect of Sharpunkhamulachurna with Tandulodak in Asrugdara. Asrugdara gives rise to various systemic and psychological disorders which needs treatment. 30 patients were diagnosed with symptoms of Asrugdara attending OPD of our institute and fulfilling criteria are taken for the study. A special proforma was prepared with all points of history taking, physical signs and symptoms and lab. Investigations. The parameters were scored on the basis of standard methods of statistical analysis.In the study, Artavapraman shows 78.8% of relief, Rajastarvaavadhi shows 49.0% of relief, Daha shows 36.9% of relief, Adhoudarshula shows 59.2% of relief, interval between 2 cycle shows 0% of relief, consistency of bleeding shows 44.8% of relief, Varna shows 41.1% of relief and by wilcoxon test it is found that it is highly significant. So it can be concluded that efficacy of Sharpunkhamula churna is significant in Asrugdara on this symptom.Among the available treatment for Asrugdara, Sharpunkhamulachurna is beneficial in curing the vitiated Doshas. The treatment which includes Sharpunkhamulachurna which have been used based on their properties like Tikta and Kashayarasatmak which helps in Stambankarma, it is also Vatakaphaghna - all these objectives are fulfilled to the greater extent

Differential expression and role of p21cip/waf1 and p27kip1 in TNF-α-induced inhibition of proliferation in human glioma cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The role of TNF-α in affecting the fate of tumors is controversial, while some studies have reported apoptotic or necrotic effects of TNF-α, others provide evidence that endogenous TNF-α promotes growth and development of tumors. Understanding the mechanism(s) of TNF-α mediated growth arrest will be important in unraveling the contribution of tissue associated macrophages in tumor resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (CDKI) – p21^cip/waf1and p27^kip1in TNF-α mediated responses in context with p53 and activation of NF-κB and Akt pathways. The study was done with human glioma cell lines -LN-18 and LN-229 cells, using monolayer cultures and Multicellular Spheroids (MCS) as <it>in vitro </it>models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>TNF-α induced inhibition of proliferation and enhanced the expression of p21^cip/waf1and p27^kip1in LN-18 cells. p21 was induced on exposure to TNF-α, localized exclusively in the nucleus and functioned as an inhibitor of cell cycle but not as an antiapoptotic protein. In contrast, p27 was constitutively expressed, localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and was not involved in arrest of proliferation. Our data using IκBα mutant LN-18 cells and PI3K/Akt inhibitor-LY294002 revealed that the expression of p21 is regulated by NF-κB. Loss of IκBα function in LN-229 cells (p53 positive) did not influence TNF-α induced accumulation of pp53 (Ser-20 p53) suggesting that p53 was not down stream of NF-κB. Spheroidogenesis enhanced p27 expression and p21 induced by TNF-α was significantly increased in the MCS compared to monolayers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study demarcates the functional roles for CDKIs-p21^cip/waf1and p27^kip1during TNF-α stimulated responses in LN-18 glioma cells. Our findings provide evidence that TNF-α-induced p21 might be regulated by NF-κB or p53 independently. p21 functions as an inhibitor of cell proliferation and does not have a direct role in rendering the cells resistant to TNF-α mediated cytotoxicity.</p

1-(2-Hydr­oxy-5-methyl­phen­yl)-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the structure of the title compound, C15H14O2S, the benzene ring is nearly coplanar with the thio­phene ring. The hydroxy group substituted at C2 position is in an antiperi­planar conformation with respect to the phenyl ring. The crystal structure exhibits weak intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

1-(2-Hy­droxy-4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)-3-(4-methyl­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C17H16O3, exists in the E conformation with respect to the central C=C bond, is almost planar(r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å) and has an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O inter­actions

Monsoon forced evolution of savanna and the spread of agro-pastoralism in peninsular India

An unresolved issue in the vegetation ecology of the Indian subcontinent is whether its savannas, characterized by relatively open formations of deciduous trees in C4-grass dominated understories, are natural or anthropogenic. Historically, these ecosystems have widely been regarded as anthropogenic-derived, degraded descendants of deciduous forests. Despite recent work showing that modern savannas in the subcontinent fall within established bioclimatic envelopes of extant savannas elsewhere, the debate persists, at least in part because the regions where savannas occur also have a long history of human presence and habitat modification. Here we show for the first time, using multiple proxies for vegetation, climate and disturbances from high-resolution, well-dated lake sediments from Lonar Crater in peninsular India, that neither anthropogenic impact nor fire regime shifts, but monsoon weakening during the past ~ 6.0 kyr cal. BP, drove the expansion of savanna at the expense of forests in peninsular India. Our results provide unambiguous evidence for a climate-induced origin and spread of the modern savannas of peninsular India at around the mid-Holocene. We further propose that this savannization preceded and drove the introduction of agriculture and development of sedentism in this region, rather than vice-versa as has often been assumed

A Database of Simple Sequence Repeats from Cereal and Legume Expressed Sequence Tags Mined in silico: Survey and Evaluation

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites are an important class of molecular markers for genome analysis and plant breeding applications. In this paper, the SSR distributions within ESTs from the legumes soybean (Glycine max, representing 135.86 Mb), medicago (Medicago truncatula, 121.1 Mb) and lotus (Lotus japonicus, 45.4 Mb) have been studied relative to the distributions in cereals such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, 98.9 Mb), rice (Oryza sativa, 143.9 Mb) and maize (Zea mays, 183.7 Mb). The relative abundance, density, composition and putative annotations of di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-nucleotide repeats have been compared and SSR containing ESTs (SSR-ESTs) have been clustered to give a non-redundant set of EST-SSRs, available in a database. Further, a subset of such candidate EST-SSRs from sorghum have been tested for their ability to detect polymorphism between Striga-susceptible, stay-green drought tolerant mapping population parent 'E 36-1' and its Striga-resistant, non-stay-green counterpart 'N13'. Primer sets for 64% of the EST-SSRs tested produced a clear and specific PCR product band and 34% of these detected scorable polymorphism between the N13 and E 36-1 parental lines. Over half of these markers have been genotyped on 94 RILs from the (N13 × E 36-1)-based mapping population, with 42 markers mapping onto the ten sorghum linkage groups. This establishes the value of this database as a resource of molecular markers for practical applications in cereal and legume genetics and breeding. The primer pairs for non-redundant EST-SSRs have been designed and are freely available through the database (http://intranet.icrisat.org/gt1/ssr/ssrdatabase.html)

Enhanced antibacterial activity of streptomycin against some human pathogens using green synthesized silver nanoparticles

AbstractThe development of eco-friendly technologies in nanoparticle synthesis is of utmost importance in order to expand their biological horizons. In the present study, bioreduction of AgNO3 into AgNPs using various leaf extracts of Ficus virens is explained. The resulting AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by color change from transparent to brown with maximum absorption at 420 nm due to surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the biosynthesized AgNPs were crystalline in nature, and TEM analysis showed spherical shape of the nanoparticles with size ranging from 4.98 to 29 nm. FTIR study indicates that mainly –C = O, -OH and N-H groups in leaf extracts are involved in the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag atoms, and proteins are responsible for stabilizing the silver nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram positive and gram negative human bacterial pathogens. The results showed that AgNPs also synergistically enhance (2.02–57.98%) the antibacterial activity of streptomycin, a common antibiotic. With this approach, AgNPs can be used as a new generation of antimicrobial agents for successful development of drug delivery

Multi-proxy evidence for an arid shift in the climate and vegetation of the Banni grasslands of western India during the mid- to late-Holocene

Tropical semi-arid grasslands are a widespread and ecologically and economically important terrestrial biome. Here, we use paleoecology to understand woodland–grassland transitions across the mid- to late-Holocene period in the Banni grassland, western India. Multi proxy analyses involving palynology, phytoliths and elemental geochemistry were carried out on two sediment cores retrieved from wetlands (Chachi and Luna), to understand temporal fluctuations in vegetation, moisture availability and other environmental parameters. Based on the results, the Chachi core was divided into two major climatic phases. Phase 1 (4600–2500 cal. yr BP) was characterised by high precipitation and abundance of pollen types and phytolith morphotypes that indicate the presence of woody savanna, and mesic herbaceous taxa. Phase 2 (2500 cal. yr BP to the present) was characterised by lower precipitation, lower abundance of mesic taxa and an increase in grass phytolith abundance. However, the period from ~1000 cal. yr BP to the present was characterised by the increased abundance of leguminous taxa, dryland herbs/shrubs and a decline in grass phytolith abundance. The Luna core (~1000 cal. yr BP to the present) also showed results matching with the Chachi core for this latter period. Overall, moisture availability in the ecosystem appears to have declined since 4600 cal. yr BP, and the vegetation has responded to this. Although the balance between tree, shrub and grass elements has fluctuated, overall, the region has remained as an open ‘grass and shrub savanna’ with sparse woody vegetation throughout this period. Our study provides insights into the vegetation dynamics and environmental settings in a poorly understood tropical arid-grassland ecosystem from Asia during the mid-late-Holocene