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Kemijski sastav i profil masnih kiselina mlijeka alpske i sanske pasmine koza iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Interest in the production and sale of goat milk products has been growing over the past 20 years. The chemical composition of goat milk, which greatly affects its nutritional and therapeutic value, makes its products more acceptable to consumers. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Alpine and Saanen goat milk. The results showed that there were differences in certain chemical components between the milk of these two breeds. Protein, fat and ash content in Alpine goat milk was 4.53 g/100 g, 4.65 g/100 g and 0.94 g/100 g, respectively, and these values were higher than in Saanen goat milk (3.64 g/100 g, 3.20 g/100 g and 0.88 g/100 g, respectively). Differences in the fatty acid profile were also observed. Despite being kept under different breeding regimes, no statistically significant differences were observed in the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) between breeds. Although there was no difference in total SFA content, there was less palmitic acid (C16:0), as the predominant fatty acid in goat milk, in Alpine (26.94 g/100 g of fat) than in Saanen goat milk (28.60 g/100 g of fat). Unlike SFA and PUFA content, differences were observed in total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), with 22.8 g/100 g of fat in Alpine goat milk and 24.0 g/100 g of fat in Saanen goat milk. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the implemented breeding regimes in different geographical areas with different pasture, together with genetic factors of breeds, greatly affect the goat milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile.Interes za proizvodnju kozjeg mlijeka i proizvode od kozjeg mlijeka u stalnom je porastu tijekom posljednjih 20 godina. Kemijski sastav kozjeg mlijeka, koji uvelike utjeÄe na njegovu hranjivu vrijednost, zajedno s terapijskom vrijednoÅ”Äu, Äini kozje mlijeko i proizvode od kozjeg mlijeka prihvatljivijim za potroÅ”aÄe. Cilj ove studije bio je usporediti kemijski sastav i profil masnih kiselina kozjeg mlijeka alpske i sanske pasmine koza. Rezultati su pokazali da postoje razlike u odreÄenim kemijskim komponentama kozjeg mlijeka alpske i sanske pasmine. Sadržaj bjelanÄevina, masti i pepela u kozjem mlijeku pasmine alpina iznosio je 4,53 g/100 g, 4,65 g/100 g i 0,94 g/100 g, a njihov sadržaj bio je veÄi nego u kozjem mlijeku sanske pasmine (3,64 g/100 g, 3,20 g/100 g, odnosno 0,88 g/100 g). UoÄene su i razlike u profilu masnih kiselina. Iako su koze držane u razliÄitim uzgojnim režimima, nije bilo statistiÄki znaÄajne razlike u ukupnom sadržaju zasiÄenih masnih kiselina (SFA) i polinezasiÄenih masnih kiselina (PUFA) izmeÄu istraživanih pasmina. Iako nije bilo razlike u ukupnom sadržaju SFA izmeÄu dviju pasmina, sadržaj palmitinske kiseline (C16:0), prevladavajuÄe masna kiselina u kozjem mlijeku, bio je niži u kozjem mlijeku pasmine alpina (26,94 g/100 g masti) nego u mlijeku sanske pasmine koza (28,60 g/100 g masti). Za razliku od sadržaja SFA i PUFA, uoÄena je razlika u sadržaju ukupnih mononezasiÄenih masnih kiselina (MUFA). Ukupni sadržaj MUFA u kozjem mlijeku pasmine alpina iznosio je 22,8 g/100 g masti, a u kozjem mlijeku sanske pasmine 24,0 g/100 g masti. Na temelju ovih rezultata može se zakljuÄiti da sustavi uzgoja koji se provode na razliÄitim zemljopisnim podruÄjima s razliÄitom ispaÅ”om, zajedno s genetskim Äimbenicima razliÄitih pasmina koza, znatno utjeÄu na kemijski sastav kozjeg mlijeka i profil masnih kiselina