Systems for the protection of the interests of health professionals employed by medical establishments

The article is devoted to the issue of the employment of medical personnel in medical entities under Polish law. It presents the permissible forms of employment of medical professionals, with particular emphasis on contracts for the provision of health services, the so-called civil law contracts, which have their source in Art. 26 and 27 of the Act on medical activity. The focus is on the differentiation of the protection of the interests of these persons depending on the form of employment adopted. The article also includes a consideration of the scope of reference of the regulation expressed in Art. 22 § 11 and 12 of the Labour Code to civil law contracts concluded by medical entities with persons practising a medical profession

Ta szkoła symbolicznie rozstrzelała się sama… Filmy Słoń, Carrie, Nad krawędzią w dyskusji o problemach współczesnej szkoły i młodzieży podczas zajęć z pedagogiki na specjalnościach nauczycielskich

In the paper, apart from interpreting the message of films: Carrie (directed by Brian De Palma), Over the Edge (directed by Jonathan Kaplan) and Elephant (directed by Gus Van Sant), I also describe how classes can be arranged around them. Thus, I join the debate on the space for such productions in education, especially in the methodology for training teachers-to-be. I indicate possible applications of feature films and a wide spectrum of benefits that follow from this approach. In fact, movies are still an undervalued but very effective didactic tool that engages pupils in authentic intellectual tasks that deal with important content and issues.In the paper, apart from interpreting the message of films: Carrie (directed by Brian De Palma), Over the Edge (directed by Jonathan Kaplan) and Elephant (directed by Gus Van Sant), I also describe how classes can be arranged around them. Thus, I join the debate on the space for such productions in education, especially in the methodology for training teachers-to-be. I indicate possible applications of feature films and a wide spectrum of benefits that follow from this approach. In fact, movies are still an undervalued but very effective didactic tool that engages pupils in authentic intellectual tasks that deal with important content and issues

Bacteria homologus to Aeromonas capable of microcystin degradation

Water blooms dominated by cyanobacteria are capable of producing hepatotoxins known as microcystins. These toxins are dangerous to people and to the environment. Therefore, for a better understanding of the biological termination of this increasingly common phenomenon, bacteria with the potential to degrade cyanobacteria-derived hepatotoxins and the degradative activity of culturable bacteria were studied. Based on the presence of the mlrA gene, bacteria with a homology to the Sphingopyxis and Stenotrophomonas genera were identified as those presenting potential for microcystins degradation directly in the water samples from the Sulejów Reservoir (SU, Central Poland). However, this biodegrading potential has not been confirmed in in vitro experiments. The degrading activity of the culturable isolates from the water studied was determined in more than 30 bacterial mixes. An analysis of the biodegradation of the microcystin-LR (MC-LR) together with an analysis of the phylogenetic affiliation of bacteria demonstrated for the first time that bacteria homologous to the Aeromonas genus were able to degrade the mentioned hepatotoxin, although the mlrA gene was not amplified. The maximal removal efficiency of MC-LR was 48%. This study demonstrates a new aspect of interactions between the microcystin-containing cyanobacteria and bacteria from the Aeromonas genus.The authors would like to acknowledge the European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST Action ES 1105 “CYANOCOST - Cyanobacterial blooms and toxins in water resources: Occurrence, impacts and management” for adding value to this study through networking and knowledge sharing with European experts and researchers in the field. The Sulejów Reservoir is a part of the Polish National Long- Term Ecosystem Research Network and the European LTER site

Creating Liminal Experiences at School with the Method of Educational Drama

The aim of the paper is to consider the possibility of creating liminal experiences at school with the method of educational drama and the pedagogical potential of such activities. Treated as the medium phase of rite, I define liminality in line with Arnold van Genepp and Victor Turner. By claiming that for many reasons school is a liminal space and showing that the fact that this function is neglected at the cost of the transmission function is a problem, I present drama as a possible antidote.421551769Studia Edukacyjn

Szkolne i akademickie zwyczaje związane z rozpoczęciem nauki na kolejnych szczeblach kształcenia. Wypowiedzi studentów w świetle teorii rytuałów przejścia

In the paper which engages students’ thoughts on customs linked to learning at subsequent stages of education, I present the thesis that rites of passage accompany children and teenagers in crossing educational thresholds and that it is worth studying school culture from this perspective. The research I conducted shows that most students have come across initiation customs for newcomers to school and university communities. In their narrative stories, students paint a very vivid picture of junior high schools putting neophytes to painful tests (informally known as “hazing”), and secondary schools welcoming freshmen in a joyful and playful atmosphere. The majority of research participants are disappointed with how initiation is carried out, as they find formal ceremonies at the university and informal parties insufficient to meet desired ends. In the conclusion, I pose the question of how a formal rite of passage consciously practiced (as far as its structure, process and function are concerned) by educational institutions could contribute to changes in the culture of schools, especially junior high schools.W tekście wypowiedziami studentów na temat zwyczajów związanych z rozpoczynaniem nauki na kolejnych szczeblach kształcenia ilustruję tezę, że rytuały przejścia towarzyszą dzieciom i młodzieży w pokonywaniu progów edukacyjnych i że warto z tej perspektywy badać kulturę szkoły. Z przeprowadzonych przez mnie badań wynika, że większość studentów zetknęła się na swojej drodze ze zwyczajami inicjującymi adeptów do społeczności szkolnych i akademickich. W retrospektywnych opowieściach studentów bardzo wyrazisty jest obraz gimnazjum jako szkoły boleśnie doświadczającej neofitów (nieformalna „fala”) oraz szkół ponadgimnazjalnych wprowadzających uczniów w swoje mury w radosnej, zabawowej atmosferze. Uczestnicy badania w większości są rozczarowani przebiegiem inicjacji do roli studenta, uważają że formalne ceremonie w ramach akademii i nieformalne imprezy nie spełniają swoich funkcji. W konkluzji tekstu stawiam pytanie, na ile świadome wykorzystanie przez instytucje edukacyjne rytuału przejścia (w zakresie jego struktury, procesualnej natury i funkcji) mogłoby przyczynić się do zmian w kulturze szkół, szczególnie gimnazjalnych.328199Social Studies: Theory and Practic

The Ritual and Non-ritual Aspects of Hazing at School

In the paper I ask whether the similarities between the institutional hazing and tribal rites of initiation, pointed to by authors who describe this phenomenon, make it possible to talk about a ritual character of the brutal phenomenon of how freshmen are treated by older students, and if they do, then how can it translate into potential preventive measures. I discuss this issue based on the example of hazing at school. Having chosen the distinctive features of the rites of passage as my point of reference, I refer to school hazing as a pseudo-rite and I recommend taking into account its ritual character and the non-ritual objectives it completes in the preventive and repair measures at school.431131287Studia Edukacyjn