Application of glass and fan shells to a clay soil to increase its mechanical properties

Improving the mechanical properties of a clayey soil is one of the best options to avoid future structural failures in buildings and is cheaper than replacing all the material. Therefore, this article proposes the use of recycled glass and fan shells as reinforcement materials. This article presents an experimental study to evaluate the mechanical properties of a pure and mixed soil. The clay soil was mixed with 7% of glass (PV) and with 3%, 6%, 10%, 12% and 15% of Fan Shells (PCA) duly crushed and passed through sieve #100. Tests of sieve granulometry, sedimentation granulometry, Atterberg limits, modified proctor and drained consolidated direct cut were performed. This allowed comparing all the data obtained and defining the optimal percentage of the mixture in which the clay improves its mechanical properties. According to the tests carried out, the proportion that has 7% glass and 6% Fan Shells has better results because there is an improvement in its dry density from 1,784 g / cm3 to 1,847 g / cm3, its moisture content increases from 9.4% to 12.1%. In addition, its friction angle improves from 28.9 °to 32 °and cohesion from 0.05 kg / cm2 to 0.1 kg / cm2. These results verify that the properties of the clay soil are improved

Mejoramiento de las propiedades mecánicas de suelos arcillosos empleando valvas de molusco y vidrio en la ciudad de Talara, Piura

Los suelos arcillosos tienen la característica de hincharse cuando son expuestos a la humedad y de contraerse cuando existe sequedad, esto representa un problema especialmente en las cimentaciones que se construyen sobre este tipo de suelo. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como finalidad evaluar el efecto en las propiedades mecánicas al adicionar vidrio y valvas de molusco triturados a este suelo problemático. La presente tesis tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, ya que el estudio del suelo arcilloso se realizó mediante la medición de indicadores tales como Corte directo, Proctor Modificado, Límites de Atterberg y Granulometría. Además, el uso del vidrio y valvas de molusco disminuirá los costos de mejoramiento del suelo arcilloso, ya que son materiales que se encuentran por abundancia en la zona de estudio. Y los costos para adquirir estos productos son mínimos. Con esta clase de mejora presentada en la investigación, el suelo arcilloso mejora notablemente, ya que este aumenta su capacidad de soporte. Los resultados muestran que el uso de las valvas de molusco y polvo de vidrio brindan un aumento de la resistencia del suelo arcilloso, además muestra una disminución de las deformaciones transversales que están presentes por la aplicación de cargas sobre el terreno arcilloso. Finalmente, se observó que, al combinar el suelo arcilloso con el polvo de valvas de molusco y polvo de vidrio, esta mezcla disminuye la absorción de agua, convirtiendo de esta manera más estable al terreno arcilloso.Clayey soils have the characteristic of swelling when exposed to moisture and shrinking when there is dryness, this represents a problem especially in foundations that are built on this type of soil. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect on mechanical properties by adding glass powder and mollusk shell powder to this problem soil. The present thesis had a quantitative focus, since the study of clay soil was carried out by measuring indicators such as Direct Cut, Modified Proctor, Atterberg Limits and Granulometry. In addition, the use of glass powder and mollusk shells will decrease the costs of clay soil improvement, since they are materials found in abundance in the study area. And the costs to purchase these products are minimal. With this kind of improvement presented in research, clayey soil improves markedly as it increases its bearing capacity. The results show that the use of mollusk shells and glass powder provide an increase in the resistance of the clay soil, in addition it shows a decrease in the transverse deformations that are present by the application of loads on the clay soil. Finally, it was observed that, when combining clay soil with shellfish powder and glass powder, this mixture decreases the absorption of water, thus making clay soil more stable.Tesi

Precision measurement of the structure of the CMS inner tracking system using nuclear interactions

The structure of the CMS inner tracking system has been studied using nuclear interactions of hadrons striking its material. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded in 2015 at the LHC are used to reconstruct millions of secondary vertices from these nuclear interactions. Precise positions of the beam pipe and the inner tracking system elements, such as the pixel detector support tube, and barrel pixel detector inner shield and support rails, are determined using these vertices. These measurements are important for detector simulations, detector upgrades, and to identify any changes in the positions of inactive elements

Precision measurement of the structure of the CMS inner tracking system using nuclear interactions

The structure of the CMS inner tracking system has been studied using nuclear interactions of hadrons striking its material. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded in 2015 at the LHC are used to reconstruct millions of secondary vertices from these nuclear interactions. Precise positions of the beam pipe and the inner tracking system elements, such as the pixel detector support tube, and barrel pixel detector inner shield and support rails, are determined using these vertices. These measurements are important for detector simulations, detector upgrades, and to identify any changes in the positions of inactive elements