Ion sputter-deposition and in-air crystallisation of Cr2AlC films

Ternary alloys of composition close to Cr2AlC have been deposited by ion beam sputtering onto unheated and heated to 380 °C Si substrates. As-deposited films are amorphous. Annealing of the film in vacuum at 700 °C leads to crystallisation with 39.2 nm crystallites. Crystallisation also can be achieved by annealing in air but there is also partial oxidation of the film surface to the depth of approximately 120 nm, which represents an oxide layer less than 5% of the total film thickness. There is an increase of lattice size along the c-axis during crystallisation in air, which indicates a small incorporation of oxygen. Film structure and crystallisation have also been analysed by Raman spectroscopy. Changes in Raman spectra in Cr2AlC have been correlated with the film crystallisation and it was observed that MAX-phase related peaks become clearly defined for the crystallised film

Considerations for an Ac Dipole for the LHC

Following successful experience at the BNL AGS, FNAL Tevatron, and CERN SPS, an AC Dipole will be adopted at the LHC for rapid measurements of ring optics. This paper describes some of the parameters of the AC dipole for the LHC, scaling from performance of the FNAL and BNL devices.Comment: proceedings of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conferenc

Ti3SiC2-formation during Ti–C–Si multilayer deposition by magnetron sputtering at 650 °C

Titanium Silicon Carbide films were deposited from three separate magnetrons with elemental targets onto Si wafer substrates. The substrate was moved in a circular motion such that the substrate faces each magnetron in turn and only one atomic species (Ti, Si or C) is deposited at a time. This allows layer-by-layer film deposition. Material average composition was determined to Ti0.47Si0.14C0.39 by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to gain insights into thin film atomic structure arrangements. Using this new deposition technique formation of Ti3SiC2 MAX phase was obtained at a deposition temperature of 650 °C, while at lower temperatures only silicides and carbides are formed. Significant sharpening of Raman E2g and Ag peaks associated with Ti3SiC2 formation was observed

Legal Requirements for Admission to Public Schools

Advanced driver assistance systems for heavy duty vehicles, such as lookahead cruise and gearshift controllers, rely on high quality map data. Current digital maps do not offer the required level of road grade information. This contribution presents an algorithm for on-board road grade estimation based on fusion of GPS and vehicle sensor data with measurements from previous runs over the same road segment. An incremental update scheme is utilized to ensure that data storage requirements are independent of the number of measurement runs. Results of the implemented system based on six traversals of a known road with three different vehicles are presented.QC 20120216</p

Non-invasive single-bunch matching and emittance monitor

On-line monitoring of beam quality for high brightness beams is only possible using non-invasive instruments. For matching measurements, very few such instruments are available. One candidate is a quadrupole pick-up. Therefore, a new type of quadrupole pick-up has been developed for the 26 GeV Proton Synchrotron (PS) at CERN, and a measurement system consisting of two such pick-ups is now installed in this accelerator. Using the information from these pick-ups, it is possible to determine both injection matching and emittance in the horizontal and vertical planes, for each bunch separately. This paper presents the measurement method and some of the results from the first year of use, as well as comparisons with other measurement methods.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures; added figure, minor textual additions; To be resubmitted to Phys. Rev. ST-A

Social media and personal blogging: Textures, routes and patterns

Sociale medier og personlige blogs: teksturer, ruter og mønstre Weblogging (eller blogging) er et af de sociale medier, der er karakteristiske for den såkaldte web 2.0 generation. I denne artikel skal jeg præsentere et studie i den danske blogosfære, hvis fokus er den personlige blog. Inspireret af mediegeografien skal jeg forfølge den tese, at den personlige blog kan forstås som en kropsliggjort, samarbejdende og distribueret praksis, der tilvejebringer et digitalt rum, som kan bebos af de deltagende, dvs. såvel bloggere som brugere. Inden for mediegeografien beskriver begrebet ”tekstur”, taget fra Henri Lefevbre og hverdagssociologien, hvordan selvet, hverdagen og det ordinære (i betydningen fælles og almene) væves sammen, men på forskellige måder, der hver især afmærker forskellige ruter i og imellem rum og steder, det virkelige og det virtuelle og derved også skaber forskellige mønstre i og af dette fællesrum (Falkheimer & Jansson, 2006; Jansson, 2002 og 2008). Ved hjælp af begreberne teksturer, ruter og mønstre identificeres i artiklen fire forskellige genrer i personlig blogging, der illustreres gennem 4 eksempler fra det danske blogmiljø.Weblogging (or blogging) is one the social media, characteristic of the web 2.0 generation. In this article, I will present a research on the Danish blogosphere, the focus of which has been on individual and personal blogging. Inspired by media geography, I pursue the idea that personal blogging can be understood as an embodied, collaborative and distributed practice which constitutes a digital realm to be inhabited by its users. Within media geography, the concept of “textures”, taken form Henri Lefevbre and the sociology of everyday life, designates how the self, the everyday and the mundane are spun together and mark out different cultural-material routes in and between space and place, real and virtual and in so doing create different reticular patterns of the commonplace (Falkheimer & Jansson, 2006; Jansson, 2002, 2008). By means of the concepts of textures, routes and patterns, I identify four different genres in personal blogging to be illustrated by four examples from the Danish blog community

Social media and personal blogging: Textures, routes and patterns

Weblogging (or blogging) is one the social media, characteristic of the web 2.0 generation. In this article, I will present a research on the Danish blogosphere, the focus of which has been on individual and personal blogging. Inspired by media geography, I pursue the idea that personal blogging can be understood as an embodied, collaborative and distributed practice which constitutes a digital realm to be inhabited by its users. Within media geography, the concept of “textures”, taken form Henri Lefevbre and the sociology of everyday life, designates how the self, the everyday and the mundane are spun together and mark out different cultural-material routes in and between space and place, real and virtual and in so doing create different reticular patterns of the commonplace (Falkheimer & Jansson, 2006; Jansson, 2002, 2008). By means of the concepts of textures, routes and patterns, I identify four different genres in personal blogging to be illustrated by four examples from the Danish blog community.Sociale medier og personlige blogs: teksturer, ruter og mønstre Weblogging (eller blogging) er et af de sociale medier, der er karakteristiske for den såkaldte web 2.0 generation. I denne artikel skal jeg præsentere et studie i den danske blogosfære, hvis fokus er den personlige blog. Inspireret af mediegeografien skal jeg forfølge den tese, at den personlige blog kan forstås som en kropsliggjort, samarbejdende og distribueret praksis, der tilvejebringer et digitalt rum, som kan bebos af de deltagende, dvs. såvel bloggere som brugere. Inden for mediegeografien beskriver begrebet ”tekstur”, taget fra Henri Lefevbre og hverdagssociologien, hvordan selvet, hverdagen og det ordinære (i betydningen fælles og almene) væves sammen, men på forskellige måder, der hver især afmærker forskellige ruter i og imellem rum og steder, det virkelige og det virtuelle og derved også skaber forskellige mønstre i og af dette fællesrum (Falkheimer & Jansson, 2006; Jansson, 2002 og 2008). Ved hjælp af begreberne teksturer, ruter og mønstre identificeres i artiklen fire forskellige genrer i personlig blogging, der illustreres gennem 4 eksempler fra det danske blogmiljø

Developing a National Design Scoreboard

Recognising the growing importance of design, this paper reports on the development of an approach to measuring design at a national level. A series of measures is proposed, that are based around a simplified model of design as a system at a national level. This model was developed though insights from literature and a workshop with government, industry and design sector representatives. Detailed data on design in the UK is presented to highlight the difficulties in collecting reliable and robust data. Evidence is compared with four countries (Spain, Canada, Korea and Sweden). This comparison highlights the inherent difficulties in comparing performance and a revised set of measures is proposed. Finally, an approach to capturing design spend at a firm level is proposed, based on insights from literature and case studies. Keywords: National Design System, Design Performance</p

Tetropium gabrieli Weise (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), an interesting import species new to Finland

Zoological Museum, P. Rautatiekan 13, SF-00100 Helsinki, Finlan

Nutrient retention by differently managed vegetation of buffer zones

Shoots growth and nutrient concentration of differently vegetated buffer zones(BZ) were studied in south-western Finland with clay soils. Aboveground plant biomasses differed greatly among each of the six vegetation types with different age and harvesting parctice. The concentration of P AAAc in soil surface increased with natural vegetation with no harvest. The preliminary results for the BZ plots emphasized the role of vegetation and grazing in an additional nutrient loading