Republiek op drift?: Le Petit Journal, Le Temps en de republikeinse kritiek op de Franse democratie, 1887-1893

This thesis is a study of the political criticism of two key republican newspapers (Le Petit Journal and Le Temps) in fin de siècle France. The study is set against the backdrop of two major political crises that occurred in the years 1887-1893: one was caused by the rise of the populist political movement called boulangism, the other by the eruption of a corruption affair called the Panama scandal. As it turns out, both newspapers, although republican in principle, expressed serious grievances about the republican system. Especially the Chamber of Deputies was considered as weak and ill-suited for the proper practice of democracy.Political Culture and National Identit

Monitoring of climate variables in semi-closed greenhouses

Growers and Dutch government have concluded a covenant in which they express the ambition to reduce the carbon footprint of greenhouse production in order to improve the energy neutrality of newly built greenhouses. Conditioned cultivation in (semi-)closed greenhouses is seen as one of the instruments to reach this goal. It is appointed in the covenant to arrive in 2011 at 700 ha and in 2020 at 2,500 ha semi-closed greenhouses. This paper describes the instruments used to monitor the results of conditioned cultivation in eight semi-closed greenhouses in practice. It addresses the monitoring process, the installations involved and highlights some of the measured data

Supercritical fluid extraction-capillary gas chromatography: on-line coupling with a programmed temperature vaporizer

A simple and versatile system is described for the on-line coupling of SFE to capillary GC. The interfacing consists of a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector. With this injector it is possible to combine solute trapping, elimination of a high flow of extraction fluid, and quantitative transfer of solutes to the seperation column. The problems caused by impurities in the extraction fluid in on-line SFE-GC are discussed. Simple methods are described for the purification of commercially available carbon dioxide. The trapping efficiency of the PTV injector is studied. Applications of the SFE-PTV-GC system are given for the analysis of polymer anti-degradants, polar compounds, and samples with environmental relevance

BURNOUT CONDITIONS FOR SINGLE ROD IN ANNULAR GEOMETRY, WATER AT 600 TO 1400 PSIA

Tests were run to determine burnout conditions for sn electrically heated rod in a circular tube with an annular flow path for the upward water flow. The conditions correspond to those which might exist in a reactor core. The burnout results for the basic test geometry (straight concentric annulus) showed that a plot of burnout heat flux vs quality is a straight line with a negative slope, and that the burnout heat flux is increased by a decrease in flow or an increase in pressure, while the hydraulic diameter has a maximum effect on the flux at 0.25 to 0.5 inch. A correlation of the results is given for a certain range of conditions. The following modifications of the basic test geometry were also tested: eccentric rod, simulated spacer, sandblasted rod, and rough liner. The eccentric rod and sandblasted rod decreased the burnout heat flux, while the simulated space had no effect, and the flux for the rough liner is greater than for the smooth liner. The basic test geometry data are compared with other internally heated annular data and with multirod data. (D.L.C.

Lateral resistance of plybamboo wall-panels

This paper deals with the experimental and theoretical behavior of plybamboo (kind of plywood made out of bamboo) wall-panels subjected to lateral load. The wall-panels are part of a house design method proposed in the author's PhD thesis for prefabricated social housing in developing countries. Sixteen fullscaled wallpanels with or without window and door openings were tested and their theoretical capacities estimated. Design wind and seismic loads were determined according to the International Building Code 2000. The results showed that all the specimens present ductile behavior adequate for expected wind and seismic loads. The theoretical models for calculating lateral capacities of timber framed walls gave lower values than the experimental ones. The wall-panels sheathed with plybamboo and traditional plywood showed similar behavior and hence, plybamboo could be used as an alternative sheathing material in timber frame construction. Key Words: Shear-Walls, Plybamboo, Timber Framed Walls, Structural Panels, Bamboo Structure

Ecologisch gericht suppleren, nu en in de toekomst: het ontwerp meerjarenplan voor monitoring en (toepassingsgericht) onderzoek

Zandsuppleties. Het programma “Ecologisch gericht suppleren, nu en in de toekomst” is een onderzoeks- en monitoringsprogramma voor de middellange termijn (2009-2014) met als doelstelling meer inzicht te krijgen of, en in welke mate, zandsuppleties van invloed zijn op natuurwaarden en op welke wijze zandsuppleties in de nabije toekomst kunnen bijdragen aan de opgaven van veiligheid samen met natuurbehoud en -ontwikkeling. Het programma moet leiden tot een optimalisatie van natuurbescherming van het kustecosysteem en een dynamisch beheer en behoud van de kustlijn