economic growth and human development

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2016Regarding the effectiveness of aid allocation, this paper examines the aid effectiveness from the perspective of aid allocation to different sectors. The basic hypothesis of this paper is that aid allocation to economic secotrs can promote economic growth more in developing countries compared to aid allocation to other sectors. In this regard, this paper tried to prove that aid allocation to economic sectors shows the better performance in economic growth with three (3) different timing methodologies: short-term, medium-term and long-term. Also, to overcome a criticism that economic growth itself is too narrow to define the development of each country, this paper tried to broaden the concept of development into human development measured by Human Development Index (HDI). The result of this paper indicates that the disaggregated aid allocation shows the different impact on both economic growth and HDI. Aid allocation to economic infrastructure and services showed the positive and significant impact on economic growth and human welfare in the overall period, while aid allocation to social infrastructure and services showed the negative impact on economic growth in the short term and the medium term. Social aid showed even ineffectiveness on HDI in the short run and the long run. Therefore, this paper strongly proved that aid allocation to economic infrastructure and services is essential for both economic growth and human development in developing countries.I. Introduction II. Literature Review III. Data and Model Specifications IV. Empirical Results V. Conclusion and Policy ImplicationsmasterpublishedYunjeong JANG

Value of Spectrum for Mobile Communications: Case of Korea

Evaluation of spectrum price is important for most of the regulatory bodies and for most mobile operators. In some cases, regulatory authority faces a situation to evaluate the value of the radio spectrum which has been allocated already. In Korea, there was a reallocation of most of the LTE spectrum bands in 2020. In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the value of each band based on the band's capacity out of total capacity. In addition, if we can find a reasonable value of the overall spectrum band, we can find a value for each band together with the information in the first stage. This method can be easily applied if only the regulatory authority has detailed geotype information on base transceiver stations(BTS)

Valuation of Mobile Spectrum to be Reassigned

Recently, many countries have been reassigning the mobile communication spectrum and determining their price. In South Korea, the mobile communication spectrum was reassigned in 2021 with a usage period from 2022 to 2026. This study focuses on the methods for calculating reassignment fee. We aimed to measure the value of the spectrum by combining production function approach and engineering approach. First, we estimated the Cobb-Douglas production function and derived the price per spectrum unit using the equal marginal principle. Then, we assessed the appropriateness of this price through a DCF (Discounted Cash Flow) analysis. Next, considering that the value of spectrum varies by band according to their radio wave characteristics, we derived the value of each spectrum band from an investment perspective. We applied each band's relative weight to the per-unit spectrum price obtained earlier to determine each spectrum band's value. The estimation results indicated that the reassignment fee in 2021 was somewhat high in terms of total and band-specific prices. This study might give some insights to regulators facing spectrum reassignment

Medication Adherence and Persistence of Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients in Korea: A Retrospective Study Using National Health Insurance Claims Data

This study aimed to analyze medication adherence and persistence among open-angle glaucoma patients in Korea. A retrospective study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database from 2016 to 2019. Newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma patients who were prescribed with the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering eyedrops were included. Adherence was measured using the medication possession ratio (MPR), and persistence was measured using the duration of therapy during the 24 month follow-up period. During the study period, 14,648 open-angle glaucoma patients were identified, and 3118 (21.3%) and 4481 patients (30.6%) were adherent to and persistent with their glaucoma treatment, respectively. The mean MPR was 48.8%, and the mean duration of therapy was 357.2 days. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients who are older, female, using prostaglandins as the index medication, and visiting secondary or tertiary hospitals were significantly associated with greater rates of adherence (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 1.12, 1.27, and 1.73, respectively) and persistence (OR = 1.11, 1.17, 1.16, 1.17, and 1.36, respectively) during the study period. Patients with open-angle glaucoma in Korea had substandard medication adherence and discontinued their treatment. Ophthalmologists should pay more attention to younger, male patients to improve adherence

Memory-Improving Activity of the Flower Extract from <i>Chrysanthemum boreale</i> (Makino) Maskino in Scopolamine-Treated Rodents

One of the factors related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, a disease characterized by gradual cognitive and memory impairment, is an inflammatory process induced by the amyloid-β-mediated activation of microglia. In the present study, an extract of the Chrysanthemum boreale (Makino) Makino (CB) flower, which has inhibitory effects on inflammation and the production of phosphorylated tau in cells, was investigated for its ameliorative effect on memory dysfunction in scopolamine-treated Alzheimer’s disease models. The CB-extract-diet-administered groups, which were treated chronically with scopolamine (intraperitoneal), showed increased spontaneous alterations (12.5–15.5% increase) in the Y-maze test and latency to escape (3.7–6.7-fold increase) in the passive avoidance test, compared to the negative control (NC) group. Rats administered the CB extract also showed a higher tendency (66–86% increase) of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression than NC rats. Moreover, the ratio of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the CB-extract-administered group was lower (48.0–52.2%) than that (100%) in the NC group. In the Morris water maze test conducted on the fifth day, the free-swimming times of the CB-extract-administered mice that were also treated with scopolamine for a short time (5 d) increased (51.7–56.1%) significantly compared to those of the NC mice. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed that isochlorogenic acid A, linarin, and chlorogenic acid are the major phenolic components of the CB extract. These results suggest that the extract of CB flowers might be useful as a functional material with memory-enhancing effects

Excellent Switching Performances of TiON/HZO/MoS2 Ferroelectric Diode

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