Low Mass Group Environments have no Substantial Impact on the Circumgalactic Medium Metallicity

We explore how environment affects the metallicity of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) using 13 low mass galaxy groups (2-5 galaxies) at $\langle z_{abs}\rangle=0.25$ identified near background quasars. Using quasar spectra from HST/COS and from Keck/HIRES or VLT/UVES we measure column densities of, or determine limits on, CGM absorption lines. We use a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach with Cloudy to estimate metallicities of cool ($T\sim10^4$K) CGM gas within groups and compare them to CGM metallicities of 47 isolated galaxies. Both group and isolated CGM metallicities span a wide range ($-2<$[Si/H]$<0$), where the mean group ($-0.54\pm0.22$) and isolated ($-0.77\pm0.14$) CGM metallicities are similar. Group and isolated environments have similar distributions of {\HI} column densities as a function of impact parameter. However, contrary to isolated galaxies, we do not find an anti-correlation between {\HI} column density and the nearest group galaxy impact parameter. We additionally divided the groups by member luminosity ratios (i.e., galaxy-galaxy and galaxy-dwarf groups). While there was no significant difference in their mean metallicities, a modest increase in sample size should allow one to statistically identify a higher CGM metallicity in galaxy-dwarf groups compared to galaxy-galaxy groups. We conclude that either environmental effects have not played an important role in the metallicity of the CGM at this stage and expect that this may only occur when galaxies are strongly interacting or merging, or that some isolated galaxies have higher CGM metallicities due to past interactions. Thus, environment does not seem to be the cause of the CGM metallicity bimodality.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 2 figure sets, 1 machine-readable tabl

Synovial cell metabolism and chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis

Metabolomic studies of body fluids show that immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with metabolic disruption. This is likely to reflect the increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of sustained inflammation and changes to nutrient and oxygen availability in damaged tissue. The synovial membrane lining layer is the principle site of inflammation in RA. Here the resident cells are the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and the synovial tissue macrophages (STM), which are transformed toward overproduction of enzymes which degrade cartilage and bone, and cytokines which promote immune cell infiltration. Recent studies have shown metabolic changes in both FLS and macrophages from RA patients and these may be therapeutically targetable. However, as the origins and subset specific functions of synoviocytes are poorly understood and the signaling modules which control metabolic deviation in RA synovial cells are yet to be explored, significant additional research is needed to translate these findings toward clinical application. Furthermore, in many inflamed tissues, different cell types can forge metabolic collaborations through solute carriers (SLC) in their membranes, to meet a high demand for energy or biomolecules. Such relationships are likely to exist in the synovium and are yet to be explored. Finally, it is not yet known whether metabolic change is a consequence of disease or if primary changes to cellular metabolism might underlie or contribute to early stage disease pathogenesis. This article collates what is known about metabolism in synovial tissue cells and highlights future research directions in this area

Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin, June 1966

President\u27s Message Officers and Committee Chairmen Financial Report Report to Alumnae Association Jefferson\u27s Development Program Report of the School of Nursing Student Activities Nursing Service Staff Association Resume of Alumnae Meetings Ways and Means Report Sick and Welfare Membership Private Duty Scholarship Building Fund Social Committee Class News Notice

Measurement of H₂O₂ within living drosophila during aging using a ratiometric mass spectrometry probe targeted to the mitochondrial matrix

Hydrogen peroxide (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) is central to mitochondrial oxidative damage and redox signaling, but its roles are poorly understood due to the difficulty of measuring mitochondrial H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in vivo. Here we report a ratiometric mass spectrometry probe approach to assess mitochondrial matrix H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels in vivo. The probe, MitoB, comprises a triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation driving its accumulation within mitochondria, conjugated to an arylboronic acid that reacts with H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; to form a phenol, MitoP. Quantifying the MitoP/MitoB ratio by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry enabled measurement of a weighted average of mitochondrial H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; that predominantly reports on thoracic muscle mitochondria within living flies. There was an increase in mitochondrial H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; with age in flies, which was not coordinately altered by interventions that modulated life span. Our findings provide approaches to investigate mitochondrial ROS in vivo and suggest that while an increase in overall mitochondrial H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; correlates with aging, it may not be causative

Estimating the economic cost of nurse sensitive adverse events amongst patients in medical and surgical settings

Aims: To identify the costs associated with nurse sensitive adverse events and the impact of these events on patients’ length of stay. Design: Retrospective cohort study using administrative hospital data. Methods: Data were sourced from patient discharge information (N = 5544) from six acute wards within three hospitals (July 2016–October 2017). A retrospective patient record review was undertaken by extracting data from the hospitals’ administrative systems on inpatient discharges, length of stay and diagnoses; eleven adverse events sensitive to nurse staffing were identified within the administrative system. A negative binomial regression is employed to assess the impact of nurse sensitive adverse events on length of stay. Results: Sixteen per cent of the sample (n = 897) had at least one nurse sensitive adverse event during their episode of care. The model revealed when age, gender, admission type and complexity are controlled for, each additional nurse sensitive adverse event experienced by a patient was associated with an increase in the length of stay beyond the national average by 0.48 days (p =.001). Applying this to the daily average cost of inpatient stay per patient (€1456), we estimate the average cost associated with each nurse sensitive adverse event to be €694. Extrapolating this nationally, the economic cost of nurse sensitive adverse events to the health service in Ireland is estimated to be €91.3 million annually. Conclusion: These potentially avoidable events are associated with a significant economic burden to health systems. The estimates provided here can be used to inform and prepare the way for future economic evaluations of nurse staffing initiatives that aim to improve care and safety. Impact: As many of these nurse sensitive adverse events are avoidable, in addition to patient benefits, there is a potential substantial financial return on investment from strategies such as improved nurse staffing that can reduce their occurrence

Accuracy of prospective two-dimensional/Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of reparative surgery

Between January 1987 and January 1989, all 129 patients (aged 11 days to 25 years, median 39 months) undergoing both an echocardiographic examination and cardiac catheterization after reparative surgery were prospectively included in a study to assess the accuracy of combined two-dimensional and Doppler color flow imaging. The patient diagnoses were transposition of the great arteries (n = 20), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 38), coarctation of the aorta (n = 24), complete atrioventricular (AV) canal (n = 15), atrial septal defect (n = 8), ventricular septal defects (n = 3), pulmonary stenosis (n = 4), aortic stenosis (n = 8) and subaortic stenosis (n = 9).In arterial tract stenosis, there was high correlation between Doppler estimates and catheterization-derived measurements of residual right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries (r = 0.95) as well as in patients after corrective repair of tetralogy of Fallot (r = 0.84).In semilunar/AV valve regurgitation, graded as none, mild, moderate or severe, echocardiographic estimates correlated exactly with angiographic grading in 84% and differed by one angiographic grade in the other 16%.In residual left to right shunting, no hemodynamically significant shunt was missed by echocardiography. For residual shunts at the ventricular level (n = 32), addition of Doppler color flow imaging improved the sensitivity (from 63% to 94%) and the negative predictive value (from 88% to 98%).In elevated right ventricular pressure, Doppler-derived right ventricular-right atrial pressure estimates in 24 patients correlated well with catheterization measurements (r = 0.93).Combined two-dimensional and Doppler color flow echocardiography was highly accurate in the prospective evaluation of these four types of postoperative residua

A Complex Multiphase DLA Associated with a Compact Group at z=2.431 Traces Accretion, Outflows, and Tidal Streams

As part of our program to identify host galaxies of known z=2-3 MgII absorbers with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI), we discovered a compact group giving rise to a z=2.431 DLA with ultra-strong MgII absorption in quasar field J234628+124859. The group consists of four star-forming galaxies within 8-28 kpc and $v\sim40-340$ km s$^{-1}$ of each other, where tidal streams are weakly visible in deep HST imaging. The group geometric centre is D=25 kpc from the quasar (D=20-40 kpc for each galaxy). Galaxy G1 dominates the group ($1.66L_{\ast}$, ${\rm SFR}_{\rm FUV}=11.6$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) while G2, G3, and G4 are less massive ($0.1-0.3L_{\ast}$, ${\rm SFR}_{\rm FUV}=1.4-2.0$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$). Using a VLT/UVES quasar spectrum covering the HI Lyman series and metal lines such as MgII, SiIII, and CIV, we characterised the kinematic structure and physical conditions along the line-of-sight with cloud-by-cloud multiphase Bayesian modelling. The absorption system has a total $\log(N(HI)/{\rm cm}^{-2})=20.53$ and an $N(HI)$-weighted mean metallicity of $\log(Z/Z_{\odot})=-0.68$, with a very large MgII linewidth of $\Delta v\sim700$ km s$^{-1}$. The highly kinematically complex profile is well-modelled with 30 clouds across low and intermediate ionisation phases with values ${13\lesssim\log(N(HI)/{\rm cm}^{-2})\lesssim20}$ and $-3\lesssim\log(Z/Z_{\odot})\lesssim1$. Comparing these properties to the galaxy properties, we infer a wide range of gaseous environments, including metal-rich outflows, metal-poor IGM accretion, and tidal streams from galaxy--galaxy interactions. This diversity of structures forms the intragroup medium around a complex compact group environment at the epoch of peak star formation activity. Surveys of low redshift compact groups would benefit from obtaining a more complete census of this medium for characterising evolutionary pathways.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS 28 June 202

Arousal Modulation in Females with Fragile X or Turner Syndrome

The present study was carried out to examine physiological arousal modulation (heart activity and skin conductance, across baseline and cognitive tasks, in females with fragile X or Turner syndrome and a comparison group of females with neither syndrome. Relative to the comparison group, for whom a greater increase in skin conductance was associated with poor arithmetic performance and less risk taking behavior, females with fragile X displayed a minimal increase in heart activity that was nevertheless associated with poor performance on mental arithmetic. In contrast, no arousal–cognitive performance relationship emerged for the group with Turner syndrome. Taken together, our findings suggest that distinct profiles of arousal modulation might be associated with cognitive deficits in these syndrome populations

Effect of α-lipoic acid and exercise training on cardiovascular disease risk in obesity with impaired glucose tolerance

Obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are more susceptible than healthy individuals to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease. This randomised controlled investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that α-lipoic acid supplementation and exercise training may elicit favourable clinical changes in obese subjects with IGT. All data were collected from 24 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) IGT patients. Following participant randomisation into two groups, fasting venous blood samples were obtained at baseline, and before and following intervention. The first group consisted of 12 participants who completed a 12 week control phase followed by 12 weeks of chronic exercise at 65% HRmax for 30 minutes a day, 5 days per week, while ingesting 1 gram per day of α-lipoic acid for 12 weeks. The second group consisted of 12 participants who completed the same 12 week control phase, but this was followed by 12 weeks of 1 gram per day of α-lipoic acid supplementation only (no exercise). The main findings show a comparatively greater rate of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the group consisting of α-lipoic acid only (p < 0.05 vs. pre intervention), although total oxidant status was lower post intervention (p < 0.05 vs. baseline) in this group. However, exercise and α-lipoic acid in combination attenuates LDL oxidation. Furthermore, in the α-lipoic acid supplement plus exercise training group, total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased (p < 0.05 vs. baseline and pre intervention). Body fat percentage and waist and hip circumference decreased following exercise training (p < 0.05 vs. post intervention). There were no selective treatment differences for a range of other clinical outcomes including glycaemic regulation (p > 0.05). These findings report that α-lipoic acid ingestion may increase the atherogenicity of LDL when ingested in isolation of exercise, suggesting that in IGT the use of this antioxidant treatment does not ameliorate metabolic disturbances, but instead may detrimentally contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and development of CVD. However, when α-lipoic acid is combined with exercise, this atherogenic effect is abolished