2,693 research outputs found
Coaches\u27 Liability for Athletes\u27 Injuries and Deaths
In the brutally hot summer of 2001, three prominent athletes lost their lives on playing fields across the country. Football players Korey Stringer of the Minnesota Vikings,\u27 Rashidi Wheeler of Northwestern University, and Eraste Autin of the University Florida collapsed and died in summer practices. These practices are an annual rite that has preceded each football season since the sport was conceived approximately ninety years ago. While these deaths are tragic, they are certainly not uncommon. Since 1995, eighteen high school and collegiate football players have died while participating in practices or games. In America\u27s litigious society, these deaths raise important questions regarding a coach\u27s responsibility to the team and his players. Specifically, should a coach be held personally liable when his athlete is injured or dies while participating in an athletic event?
On its face, the behavior of such coaches seems barbaric and outrageous, but society seems to condone or ignore it because it forges football champions. In a strictly legal sense, where does society draw the line between forging champions and committing a tort? When does a coach\u27s behavior constitute a tort and what standard should be applied? This article analyzes the liability of a coach for an athlete\u27s injury or death while participating in an athletic event. In particular, the article describes the theory of negligence as applied to an athletic coach, as well as other theories of liability and legal defenses a coach may employ. The article concludes by applying these theories to the circumstances surrounding the deaths of Stringer, Wheeler, and Autin
Coaches\u27 Liability for Athletes\u27 Injuries and Deaths
In the brutally hot summer of 2001, three prominent athletes lost their lives on playing fields across the country. Football players Korey Stringer of the Minnesota Vikings,\u27 Rashidi Wheeler of Northwestern University, and Eraste Autin of the University Florida collapsed and died in summer practices. These practices are an annual rite that has preceded each football season since the sport was conceived approximately ninety years ago. While these deaths are tragic, they are certainly not uncommon. Since 1995, eighteen high school and collegiate football players have died while participating in practices or games. In America\u27s litigious society, these deaths raise important questions regarding a coach\u27s responsibility to the team and his players. Specifically, should a coach be held personally liable when his athlete is injured or dies while participating in an athletic event?
On its face, the behavior of such coaches seems barbaric and outrageous, but society seems to condone or ignore it because it forges football champions. In a strictly legal sense, where does society draw the line between forging champions and committing a tort? When does a coach\u27s behavior constitute a tort and what standard should be applied? This article analyzes the liability of a coach for an athlete\u27s injury or death while participating in an athletic event. In particular, the article describes the theory of negligence as applied to an athletic coach, as well as other theories of liability and legal defenses a coach may employ. The article concludes by applying these theories to the circumstances surrounding the deaths of Stringer, Wheeler, and Autin
Does Organizational Innovation Capability Impact Electronic Medical Records Implementation Success?
Innovation capability involves the bringing to the market and/or successful implementation of a new product or service. It is the ability to mobilize the knowledge of the employees and the organization from past experiences to create new knowledge, and use such new knowledge to bring to the market and/or successfully implement a new product or service. Innovation capability is associated with higher levels of product and process innovation within the organization. EMR is considered a technology innovation per research literature. In this research-in-progress paper, we posit that an organization with a high level of innovation capability based on product and process innovation implementations in the past will successfully implement a technology innovation such as an EMR system. A conceptual model is presented with related hypotheses
User-Defined Material Model for Progressive Failure Analysis
An overview of different types of composite material system architectures and a brief review of progressive failure material modeling methods used for structural analysis including failure initiation and material degradation are presented. Different failure initiation criteria and material degradation models are described that define progressive failure formulations. These progressive failure formulations are implemented in a user-defined material model (or UMAT) for use with the ABAQUS/Standard1 nonlinear finite element analysis tool. The failure initiation criteria include the maximum stress criteria, maximum strain criteria, the Tsai-Wu failure polynomial, and the Hashin criteria. The material degradation model is based on the ply-discounting approach where the local material constitutive coefficients are degraded. Applications and extensions of the progressive failure analysis material model address two-dimensional plate and shell finite elements and three-dimensional solid finite elements. Implementation details and use of the UMAT subroutine are described in the present paper. Parametric studies for composite structures are discussed to illustrate the features of the progressive failure modeling methods that have been implemented
Heart of glass anchors Rasip1 at endothelial cell-cell junctions to support vascular integrity.
Heart of Glass (HEG1), a transmembrane receptor, and Rasip1, an endothelial-specific Rap1-binding protein, are both essential for cardiovascular development. Here we performed a proteomic screen for novel HEG1 interactors and report that HEG1 binds directly to Rasip1. Rasip1 localizes to forming endothelial cell (EC) cell-cell junctions and silencing HEG1 prevents this localization. Conversely, mitochondria-targeted HEG1 relocalizes Rasip1 to mitochondria in cells. The Rasip1-binding site in HEG1 contains a 9 residue sequence, deletion of which abrogates HEG1's ability to recruit Rasip1. HEG1 binds to a central region of Rasip1 and deletion of this domain eliminates Rasip1's ability to bind HEG1, to translocate to EC junctions, to inhibit ROCK activity, and to maintain EC junctional integrity. These studies establish that the binding of HEG1 to Rasip1 mediates Rap1-dependent recruitment of Rasip1 to and stabilization of EC cell-cell junctions
A Conceptual Model of the Role of Relative Advantage, Compatibility and Complexity in Electronic Medical Records Implementation Success
Successful Electronic Medical Record (EMR) implementation is expected to help control costs and increase efficiencies in healthcare delivery while also improving the quality of care. EMR is an information technology innovation per research literature. It is therefore important that EMR implementations succeed. A large number of information technology implementations fail resulting in monetary and non-monetary losses. EMR implementations in the United States and around the world have been fraught with problems and delays, resulting in unsuccessful or partially successful implementations. Knowing factors that are associated with successful information technology implementations may help EMR implementations succeed. The goal of this research-in-progress is to investigate whether the factors relative advantage, compatibility and complexity, which have most often been associated with successful information technology implementations in other domains such as e-commerce, are also associated with successful EMR implementations
Direct regional microvascular monitoring and assessment of blood brain barrier function following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
Evans Blue (EB) is often used to evaluate Blood-Brain Barrier Damage (BBB) in cerebral ischemia, frequently by dye extraction. Herein we present a method that allows assessing regional brain microvasculature, distribution of EB and Fluorescent Isothiocyanate-Labeled Red Blood Cells (FITC-RBCs) in a rat model of acute cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion (I-R). Wistar rats were subjected to 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion and then reperfused. At ~2.5 h of reperfusion, BBB opening was assessed by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. It was followed by injections of EB and FITC-RBCs that circulated for either 5 or 20 min. Regional microvasculature and tracer distributions were assessed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Microvascular networks in stroke-affected regions networks were partially damaged with apparent EB extravasation. Brain regions were affected in the following order: preoptic area (PoA)\u3estriatum (Str)\u3ecortex (Ctx). EB leakage increased with circulation time in Str. Cells around the leakage sites sequestered EB. An inverse correlation was observed between low CBF rates recorded during MCA occlusion and post-reperfusion EB extravasation patterns. Accordingly, this approach provided data on brain regional microvascular status, extravascular tracer distribution and its cellular uptake. It may be useful to evaluate model-dependent variations in vascular injury and efficacy of putative vascular protective drugs in stroke
Pendulum--a reversible computer architecture
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-78).by Carlin James Vieri.M.S
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‘I think that's what I heard? I'm not sure’: Speech and language therapists’ views of, and practices in, phonetic transcription
Background
Phonetic transcription is recognized in regulatory standards as an essential skill for Speech and Language Therapists (SLTs) in the assessment, diagnosis and management of clients with speech difficulties. Previous research has identified that approaches to phonetic transcription vary, and that SLTs often lack confidence in transcribing. However, SLTs’ views and working practices have not been investigated in detail, particularly in terms of whole service approaches and following the recent increase in telehealth.
Aims
To investigate SLTs’ views about phonetic transcription, their working practices at both individual and service levels, and the factors that influence these.
Methods & Procedures
A total of 19 SLTs from the UK were recruited to online focus groups via social media and local networks. Participants discussed their views of, and practices in, phonetic transcription. Themes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis.
Outcomes & Results
Three broad themes were generated division and unity; one small part of a big job; and fit for purpose. SLTs were uniformly proud of their ability to phonetically transcribe and viewed this as a unique skill, but clear differences existed between different groups of SLTs in their views and practices. Investing in phonetic transcription was not always a priority for SLTs or services, and although many felt under-confident in their skills they considered these to be adequate for the populations they usually encounter. SLTs make an early judgement about possible therapy targets, which influences the level of detail used in their phonetic transcription. Practical barriers are often not addressed at service level, and assessment via telehealth poses some specific challenges.
Conclusions & Implications
SLTs and services would benefit from increased investment in phonetic transcription in terms of time, opportunities for continuing professional development (CPD) and initiatives such as electronic patient records (EPRs) which support the use of phonetic symbols. Identifying target sounds at an early stage raises questions about the implications of disregarding other features of speech, and the selection of appropriate intervention approaches. Further research is needed to analyse actual rather than reported practices, and to consider the relationship between phonetic transcription and intervention approaches. Future studies could also identify precise CPD requirements and evaluate the effectiveness of CPD.
What this paper adds
What is already known on the subject
Previous research has demonstrated that SLTs often lack confidence in phonetic transcription and that practices are varied, with relatively little use of narrow transcription. SLTs are interested in opportunities to maintain and develop transcription skills but do not often undertake CPD for transcription.
What this paper adds to existing knowledge
By using focus groups as a forum for discussions, this study provides a rich and detailed insight into SLTs’ views about clinical transcription and their working practices, with previously unreported details about the reasons for these practices in a clinical context and at a service-wide level.
What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?
Transcription is often de-prioritized in non-specialist contexts, with practical barriers and a lack of clear and consistent protocols at a whole-service level. There is an opportunity for service managers to address the systemic difficulties in using transcription effectively by raising the profile and value of transcription amongst clinicians, and promoting CPD opportunities, using the findings of this study as a rationale for funding this. Together, these recommendations have the potential to improve client outcomes through more accurate assessment and diagnosis, and hence more appropriate intervention
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