Gamma-Ray Bursts via Pair Plasma Fireballs from Heated Neutron Stars

In this paper we model the emission from a relativistically expanding electron-positron pair plasma fireball originating near the surface of a heated neutron star. This pair fireball is deposited via the annihilation of neutrino pairs emanating from the surface of the hot neutron star. The heating of neutron stars may occur in close neutron star binary systems near their last stable orbit. We model the relativistic expansion and subsequent emission of the plasma and find 10^51 to 10^52 ergs in gamma-rays are produced with spectral and temporal properties consistent with observed gamma-ray bursts.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to the Conference Proceedings of the 5th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposiu

Development of a system for ascertainment of dominant lethal events in Lebistes reticulatus

M.S.John W. Crenshaw, Jr

The 1928 salary schedule of the City of Alameda and its effect upon the improvement of teachers in service

The improvement of the teaching staff is a problem that constantly confronts every school department. Writers of leading books on school administration consider this problem so important that they almost universally devote one or two chapters to its discussion. Dr. Ellwood F. Cubberley suggests that the addition of a few young, well-trained teachers to the staff each year is one way of improving the work of a whole department. In recent years, however, many school departments have been unable to add new strength to their school systems by the addition of new teachers, for the reason that there were no new positions to fill. Teacher Tenure laws on the one hand and a dropping off in school enrollments on the other have forced many departments to rely upon an almost static teaching force. In order to improve the teaching staff in such a system a second way must be found and that is by improving the teachers who are already in the system. The salary schedule is one of the most potent instruments to bring about a desirable situation in regard to the training of teachers in service. Over fifty percent of the more than two billion dollars spent annual in the United States for education is devoted to teachers\u27 salaries. How this amount of money is to be spent and how the salary schedule is to operate becomes a very vital and significant educational problem

Hawthorne and Howells: The Middle Way in American Fiction

For a long time readers of William Dean Howells have noted likeness of his fiction to that of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Although several recent articles and books have mentioned parallels between the two writers, no work has undertaken a complete study of these parallels, much less of their possible significance. The present work is a study of major qualities of the fiction of Hawthorne and Howells, the similarities in these qualities, the development of some of the older writer\u27s methods and themes in the younger man\u27s work, and the significance of this relationship as it illustrates a prominent nineteenth-century fictional trend--the tendency toward the middle way in technique and idea. Because of the immensity of the corpus of Howells, only his longer fictional works will be considered, although attention will be given to Hawthorne\u27s tales as well as novels. While fiction is the primary source for this investigation, pertinent excerpts from the criticism and personal notebooks of both writers will be included. The latter two sources are included only to afford a deeper understanding of fictional themes and to illuminate more clearly the aesthetic and ideological agreement of the two authors. There is no attempt to make a thorough investigation of Howells\u27 enormous critical production in its bearing on every one of his and Hawthorne\u27s fictional themes. A major problem encountered has been selection, particularly in the case of Howells. Quite often several examples could be given where only one is used; thus selection of examples has been made with regard to their representative position in Howells\u27 thought and for balance within the present study. As far as direct influence of Hawthorne on Howells is concerned, no elaborate claims are made. Certain evidences of influence are conspicuous, and these are pointed out. But it is impossible to limit precisely the influences on a mind like Howells\u27, so captivated by multifarious literary and social interests of his own age as well as of the past. Of paramount concern in this study, therefore, is the affinity between the minds of Hawthorne and Howells as it is revealed in their fiction and as it coincides with a major characteristic of nineteenth-century American fiction

What is a BIM Design Model?

The recent report into Building Information Management or BIM, by construction law experts May Winfield and Sarah Rock entitled “Winfield Rock Report” [1] gives reason to state that the UK architectural, engineering and construction industry or AEC, is hindered by the absence of a clear definition of Level 2 BIM. The ISO 19650-2 standard published in 2019, is based upon PAS1192-2:2013. The intent of ISO 19650-2 is to provide a road map to facilitate the standardisation of BIM process in a uniformed fashion. A key pillar of ISO 19650 is the “information cycle” and central to this is a federated set of design intent models, commonly referred to as the design model.The design model underpins the Level 2 BIM process, however different interpretations by BIM practitioners ,impacts the collaborative process leading to disagreement and conflict. This paper will research the design model, focusing on design-bid-build or “traditional”projects,where the main contractor is required to develop the design model into a project information model or PIM. With the publication of the ISO 19650 standard, the AEC industry is obliged to abandon the familiarity of the PAS 1192 suite of documents. However, as was the case with the PAS1192 suite,the new ISO19650 standard are not intended to,and do not, provide a definitive definition of Level 2 BIM or the design model. Using a mixed methodology, this paper investigates the design model from the perspectives of different AEC stakeholders. A selection of engaged professionals participated in an online survey followed by interviews with a selection of respondents to the survey. The interview findings were triangulated with a comprehensive literature review and the online survey results. These are discussed and the paper concludes with valuable insight into BIM in the Irish AEC industry at a time of transitio