Evaluation of E-cadherin (CDH1) gene polymorphism related to gastric cancer in Kurdish population

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection induces inflammation in gastric mucosa that may progress to gastric cancer that causes of much mortality. This cancer is a multistage process involved changes in environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors. Polymorphism in promoter of CDH1 gene is associated with reduced E-cadherin protein expression. Gastric cancer is associated with multiple changes nucleotides in CDH1 gene. Aimed: We were evaluating -160 (C>A) CDH1 gene polymorphism associations with gastric cancer in Kurdish population. Methods: A total of 306 biopsies taken from corpus of 144 gastric cancer patients and 162 nonulcer dyspepsia patients were classified as H.pylori-infected and H.pylori-uninfected. All diagnoses confirmed pathologically and molecularly. Polymorphism in -160(C>A) CDH1 was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. Results: Polymorphism of -160 (C>A) CDH1 in H.pylori-uninfected and H.pylori-infected groups were not associated with gastric cancer (p > 0.05). Also there was not relationship between -160(C>A) CDH1 genotypes and H.pylori infection susceptibility (p > 0.05). We found significant relationship between CC genotype and survival time among gastric cancer patients (p = 0.01). Conclusion: -160(C>A) CDH1 polymorphism may regardless of presence or absence of H.pylori, don’t influences gastric cancer sensibility in Kurdish population. In other hand CC genotype, as a good trait, increases period of life for Kurdish cancer patients

Morning reports in training hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2006

Background: Although morning report is a well-known term in medical education and one of the most practical clinical training methods, there is not still consensus among experts on its standards. Nonetheless, it seems that the first step for improving the quality of this training method is to obtain a comprehensive picture of its current statue. Objective: to assess the characteristics of morning reports (such as their durations, participants and their responsibilities, management of these sessions and….) in training hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2006 Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 36 morning report sessions held in all of the training wards were observed over one week. Data were gathered by direct observation. The observer attended the sessions as an ordinary participant and it was tried to use complete observer method. Results: among 36 assessed morning reports, the maximum sessions were held in major wards (each one held 5 sessions). The duration of the longest and shortest ones was 90 and 35 minutes respectively. In 30 sessions the academic staff played the main role of managing discussions, while in 5 sessions they were only asking questions, and in one session staff presented a lecture. In 13 sessions interns did not have any role in presenting patients; the corresponding numbers for residents and students were 16 and 0 respectively. In overall the number of participants in the beginning and at the end of sessions was more or less equal, while around 14% of participants were not present during the whole period of the session. Conclusion: Considerable variations were found among the training wards in running morning report sessions. There were some weak points in running these sessions such as the frequency and duration of sessions, low rate of participation by students and interns and reporting outpatient cases, but most of the wards apply the training method more or less effectively. Keywords: Morning report, medical education, training hospitals

Biografi Umar Bin Khattab

xxx, 632 hlm. ; 27 cm

Physical Child-Abuse in Tehran, Iran

Objective: Child-abuse (physical, mental and sexual) is considered as one of the important problems faced by persons specialized in behavioral Sciences and Forensic Medicine, physicians and pediatricians. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the status of physical child-abuse in Tehran. Materials & Methods: Forty-five pediatric residents, trained for this purpose, conducted this ten-day study in three teaching hospitals (Children's Medical Center, Bahrami Hospital, Hazrat Ali-Asghar Hospital). A questionnaire on physical child-abuse, designed and proposed by the WHO, was completed for 3019 children (male=1578, 52.3% female=1441, 47.7%) less than 18 years of age, who attended the emergency department of the above hospitals. The children and their parents were interviewed and physical examination was performed for the children. Results: A total of 347 children (male=14.5%, female =9.6%), which is 12.2% of the total number of children studied, were physically abused. Injuries were mostly present on the face, upper extremities, back and lower extremities, among which 12.8% of the cases were severe and 87.2% were moderate in intensity. Fathers and mothers were responsible for 51.2% and 34.1% of the cases of child-abuse respectively. Among the persons responsible for causing child-abuse, 34.1% had themselves been physically abused during their childhood period and 26.4% had physically abused children before. Hyperactivity, bed-wetting and an unwanted child were among the most common causes of child-abuse. Conclusion: Factors precipitating child-abuse included: large numbers of children in the family drug addiction of one of the family members, and acute or severe psychological stress during the past 6 months. Using the Chi-square test, a significant relationship (P value=0.00l) was found to exist between physical child-abuse and demographic factors such as age, sex, site of residence, history of divorce or separation of the parents and history of physical abuse in the parents' childhood days