Uticaj primene vodenih ekstrakata na prinos u organskoj proizvodnji soje

Biennial soya research was done in the surroundings of Bačka Topola. The field experiment was set by a replicate randomised complete block design. The goal was to determine the influence of aqueous plant extracts on soybean grain yield in an organic breeding system. A variance analasys was done and the central values between applied treatments were tested by a test of least significant differences. The applied treatment revealed a very significant influence. There were statistically significant differences between all variants. The yield was highest whilst a foliar application of a fermented nettle and common comfrey combination, which was performed in three repetitions that had time gaps of two weeks in between.Dvogodišnja istraživanja sa sojom, sprovedena su u okolini Bačke Topole. Poljski eksperimentalni ogled bio je postavljen po dizajnu slučajnog blok sistema. Cilj je bio da se utvrdi uticaj vodenih biljnih ekstarkata na prinos zrna soje u organskom sistemu gajenja. Urađena je analiza varijanse, a srednje vrednosti između primenjenih tretmana testirane su testom najmanje značajnih razlika. Primenjeni tretman ispoljio je statistički vrlo značajan uticaj. Između svih varijanti postojale su statistički zanačajne razlike. Najviši prinos ostvaren je kod folijarno primenjene kombinacija fermentisane korive i gaveza u tri navrata sa po dve nedelje razmaka između primena

Future area expansion outweighs increasing drought risk for soybean in Europe

The European Union is highly dependent on soybean imports from overseas to meet its protein demands. Individual Member States have been quick to declare self-sufficiency targets for plant-based proteins, but detailed strategies are still lacking. Rising global temperatures have painted an image of a bright future for soybean production in Europe, but emerging climatic risks such as drought have so far not been included in any of those outlooks. Here, we present simulations of future soybean production and the most prominent risk factors across Europe using an ensemble of climate and soybean growth models. Projections suggest a substantial increase in potential soybean production area and productivity in Central Europe, while southern European production would become increasingly dependent on supplementary irrigation. Average productivity would rise by 8.3% (RCP 4.5) to 8.7% (RCP 8.5) as a result of improved growing conditions (plant physiology benefiting from rising temperature and CO2 levels) and farmers adapting to them by using cultivars with longer phenological cycles. Suitable production area would rise by 31.4% (RCP 4.5) to 37.7% (RCP 8.5) by the mid-century, contributing considerably more than productivity increase to the production potential for closing the protein gap in Europe. While wet conditions at harvest and incidental cold spells are the current key challenges for extending soybean production, the models and climate data analysis anticipate that drought and heat will become the dominant limitations in the future. Breeding for heat-tolerant and water-efficient genotypes is needed to further improve soybean adaptation to changing climatic conditions

Variability and correlations between yield components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

NS soybean cultivars were assessed for variability of and correlations between yield components and the effect of genotype - environment interaction on yield, yield component and morphological characteristics. Experiments were carried out at Rimski Šančevi experiment field in 2009 and 2010. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (cm), height of first pod (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg/ha) and the combined content of oil and protein in grain (%). Combined contents of oil and protein in grain soybean were determined by a non destructive method of near infrared spectroscopy on PERTEN DA 7000 (NIR/VIS Spectrophotometer). The studied characteristics varied significantly depending on genotype and year. The highest yield of 5273 kg/ha was obtained in 2009 with the genotype Victoria. Highest 1000-grain weights, 2009-2010, were achieved with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria (149.27 g and 147.23 g). Maximum heights of first pod (19.40 cm) were recorded for the genotype Victoria, 2009-2010. Highest protein contents were obtained with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria, 2009-2010, were and highest oil contents (21.73%) with the genotype Tea. Protein content was positively significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight and negatively significantly correlated with oil content, and negatively correlated with yield and the height of first pod. Oil content was positively correlated with the height of first pod. Thousand-grain weight was negatively highly significantly correlated with oil content in grain and negatively significantly correlated the height of first pod. The results of this study should facilitate further soybean breeding for improved seed yield and protein and oil contents.U radu je proučavana varijabilnost i međuzavisnost komponenti prinosa i interakcija genotip spoljna sredina kod NS sorti soje. Istraživanje je izvedeno na Oglednom polju u Rimskim Šančevima tokom 2009. i 2010. godine. Ispitivana su sledeća svojstva: visina biljaka (cm) i visina prve mahune (cm), masa 1000 zrna (g) i prinos zrna soje (kg/ha) i sadržaj ukupnih proteina i ulja u zrnu (%). Sadržaj ukupnih proteina i ulja u zrnu soje određen je metodom infracrvene spektroskopije na aparatu PERTEN DA 7000, (NIR/VIS Spektrofotometar) nedestruktivnom metodom, na principu NIR (Near Infra Red) tehnike. Sva proučavana svojstva signifikantno su varirala u zavisnosti od genotipa i godine. Najveći prinos 5.273 kg/ha u 2009.oj godini dao je genotip Victoria. Najveću masu 1000 zrna imali su genotipovi Valjevka i Victoria (149,27 gr i 147,23 gr) u obe godine. Najveću visinu prve mahune imao je genotip Victoria (19,40 cm), 2009.- 2010. Najveći sadržaj proteina imali su genotipovi Valjevka i Victoria, dok je najveći sadržaj ulja imao genotip Tea (21,73 %). Sadržaj proteina bio je u pozitivnoj statistički značajnoj korelaciji sa masom 1000 zrna, a u negativnoj statistički značajnoj korelaciji sa sadržajem ulja, i negativnoj sa prinosom i visinom prve mahune. Sadržaj ulja bio je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa visinom prve mahune, a u negativnoj ali statistički visoko značajnoj korelaciji sa masom 1000 zrna. Masa 1000 zrna bila je u negativnoj statistički značajnoj korelaciji sa visinom prve mahune. Ova istraživanja predstavljaju osnov za dalje oplemenjivanje soje, poboljšanog prinosa semena i sadržaja proteina i ulja

Prevalence of and contributing factors to overweight and obesity among the schoolchildren of Podgorica, Montenegro

Introduction/Objective. Childhood obesity is an emerging public health problem. The national prevalence of child overweight/obesity in Montenegro has increased by one third in the last decade. As the overwhelming majority of Montenegrin population is urban, investigation of obesity and correlates among urban children is of special public health interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and contributing factors to obesity among schoolchildren of Podgorica. Method. The sample included 1,134 schoolchildren (49.8% boys) aged 7–12 years, from 10 elementary schools in Podgorica. We measured children’s body mass, body height, and waist circumference to calculate body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio. The research instrument was a closed type of the original questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed according to the criteria recommended by the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization and International Obesity Task Force. Results. Among the investigated children there were 21.2% and 6% overweight and obese children, respectively. Obesity was more frequent among boys (7.6%) compared to girls (4.4%). In a multiple regression, childhood obesity was positively related to the following: male gender, younger age, lower number of siblings, parental obesity, and low physical activity. Conclusion. One out of five urban Montenegrin schoolchildren is overweight/obese, with obesity being twice as frequent among boys compared to girls. A program against obesity among urban Montenegrin children should focus on the revealed contributing factors

To ventilate or not to ventilate during bystander CPR — A EuReCa TWO analysis

Background: Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is still low. For every minute without resuscitation the likelihood of survival decreases. One critical step is initiation of immediate, high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim of this subgroup analysis of data collected for the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest Study number 2 (EuReCa TWO) was to investigate the association between OHCA survival and two types of bystander CPR namely: chest compression only CPR (CConly) and CPR with chest compressions and ventilations (FullCPR). Method: In this subgroup analysis of EuReCa TWO, all patients who received bystander CPR were included. Outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation and survival to 30-days or hospital discharge. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis with survival as the dependent variable was performed. Results: A total of 5884 patients were included in the analysis, varying between countries from 21 to 1444. Survival was 320 (8%) in the CConly group and 174 (13%) in the FullCPR group. After adjustment for age, sex, location, rhythm, cause, time to scene, witnessed collapse and country, patients who received FullCPR had a significantly higher survival rate when compared to those who received CConly (adjusted odds ration 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.17–1.83). Conclusion: In this analysis, FullCPR was associated with higher survival compared to CConly. Guidelines should continue to emphasise the importance of compressions and ventilations during resuscitation for patients who suffer OHCA and CPR courses should continue to teach both

To ventilate or not to ventilate during bystander CPR : a EuReCa TWO analysis

Background: Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is still low. For every minute without resuscitation the likelihood of survival decreases. One critical step is initiation of immediate, high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim of this subgroup analysis of data collected for the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest Study number 2 (EuReCa TWO) was to investigate the association between OHCA survival and two types of bystander CPR namely: chest compression only CPR (CConly) and CPR with chest compressions and ventilations (FullCPR). Method: In this subgroup analysis of EuReCa TWO, all patients who received bystander CPR were included. Outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation and survival to 30-days or hospital discharge. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis with survival as the dependent variable was performed. Results: A total of 5884 patients were included in the analysis, varying between countries from 21 to 1444. Survival was 320 (8%) in the CConly group and 174 (13%) in the FullCPR group. After adjustment for age, sex, location, rhythm, cause, time to scene, witnessed collapse and country, patients who received FullCPR had a significantly higher survival rate when compared to those who received CConly (adjusted odds ration 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.17–1.83). Conclusion: In this analysis, FullCPR was associated with higher survival compared to CConly. Guidelines should continue to emphasise the importance of compressions and ventilations during resuscitation for patients who suffer OHCA and CPR courses should continue to teach both