Quantized rank R matrices

First some old as well as new results about P.I. algebras, Ore extensions, and degrees are presented. Then quantized $n\times r$ matrices as well as quantized factor algebras of $M_q(n)$ are analyzed. The latter are the quantized function algebra of rank $r$ matrices obtained by working modulo the ideal generated by all $(r+1)\times (r+1)$ quantum subdeterminants and a certain localization of this algebra is proved to be isomorphic to a more manageable one. In all cases, the quantum parameter is a primitive $m$th roots of unity. The degrees and centers of the algebras are determined when $m$ is a prime and the general structure is obtained for arbitrary $m$.Comment: 18 pages with 3 eps figures. Some proofs in Section 5 have been changed and a remark has been remove

Implementation of Sustainable Aviation Fuel. A PESTEL-analysis

Global climate changes are one of the greatest global threats affecting society. All sectors, from the largest ventures to the single individual, must aid in addressing and affecting these changes, resulting in a more sustainable and green future for the generations to come. Aviation currently stands for approximately 2.5% of global total anthropogenic CO2-emissions, which is rapidly climbing towards 24% by 2050, not even mentioning NOx, CO, other non-CO2 effects etc. The industry thereby also faces immense challenges to reach sustainability goals as set out by organizations, unions, and nations throughout the world. These considerable developments call for radical progresses in technology, innovation and development in all aspects of the industry. This thesis focuses on perhaps the most substantial means of developing the industry – replacing the means of propulsion. This thesis identifies the major component being transitioning to Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) as a replacement to conventional kerosene Jet-A1. This study will analyze how SAF can reduce aviation’s overall emission footprint. This task will be undertaken using the PESTEL-analysis tool as a framework for uncovering barriers and challenges. Through an extensive literature review together with multiple expert interviews from various experts in the field, several conflicts from actors in the field has been identified and solutions presented under the different subparts of the PESTEL-analysis. Finally, an overview on the interaction between the different subparts will be discussed. This study identifies, among others, the lack of international legislation, vast production cost and supply of feedstock as major barriers needing a solution. It is evident that international cooperation and further political and economic incentives are necessary to drive an industry as complex and governed as aviation towards fulfilling the sustainability ambitions set out

Securities Regulation: Opportunities exist for IIROC to regulate responsively

This article examines the applicability of responsive regulation within an inter-agency framework in the financial sector. To do so, the article uses the self-regulatory organization that is responsible for governing Canada’s investment dealers and brokerage firms—the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (IIROC)—as a prototype example to illustrate how responsive regulation may be encouraged within an inter-agency framework. While the theory aspires to general applicability, particular consideration is given to its ability to govern multiple agencies. In particular, the article pays attention to jurisdictional boundaries to ensure that inter-agency relationships have some legitimacy in market regulation

Biphenyl-4,4′-dicarb­oxy­lic acid N,N-dimethyl­formamide monosolvate

Biphenyl-4,4′-dicarb­oxy­lic acid was recrystallized from N,N-dimethyl­formamide (DMF) yielding the title compound, C14H10O4·2C3H7NO. The acid mol­ecules are located on crystallographic centres of inversion and are hydrogen bonded to DMF mol­ecules. These hydrogen-bonded units form infinite chains although there is no inter­action between the methyl groups of neighboring DMF mol­ecules

Platform Intermediaries in the Sharing Economy: Questions of Liability and Remedy

National and international characteristics of sharing economy imply that a platform intermediary may hold a dominant legal and economic position between a debtor and a creditor. Legally, such an agent will be the commercial link between the performance debtor and the performance creditor. Hence, the platform intermediary’s contractual obligations do not appertain to the performance creditor by default but to the economic and legal nexus between the committed and legitimate contractors. Yet recent legal practice in Danish substantive law, along with a series of court rulings, indicates that a platform intermediary may under certain circumstances be considered duty subject in relation to the performance creditor. In such cases, the platform intermediary—though originally deemed an agent—is contractually obliged to the performance debtor. This creates two interesting legal issues which are analysed in our article. First, we address the requirements and circumstances which may lead to the platform intermediary being directly liable to the performance creditor in case of non-performance of the sharing economy service in question. Secondly, we analyse which remedies the performance creditor can impose on the intermediary in a situation where the intermediary is considered contractually obliged to the performance debtor.&nbsp