Assessing the influence of oil and grease and salt content on fish canning wastewater biodegradation through respirometric tests

Fish canning industry wastewaters have high organic matter, oil and grease and salt (NaCl) content, which make difficult a proper treatment before discharge. In this work, their treatment was evaluated via activated sludge aerobic biological process through respirometric tests. Inhibition was found to be significant for NaCl concentr ations higher than 17.5 g/L. On the other hand, the oil and grease content affects the wastewater biodegradability in the same way that the organic matter content expressed as chemical oxygen demand: the lower oil and grease and organic matter concentrations, the lower the percentage of wastewater biodegradability. As a final conclusion, the aerobic biological treatment process by activated sludge proved to be appropriate to treat fish canning industrial wastewaters, leading to high organic matter degradation rates (average value of 4900 mg O2 /g COD .d). Additionally, the experimental results achieved with the respirometric tests may be useful for the design of activated sludge plants to treat this type of wastewaters.This work was co-financed by FCT/MEC and FEDER under Programe PT2020 (Project UID/EQU/50020/2013), by QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000050) and by ValorPeixe e Valorizaç~ao de Subprodutos e Aguas Residuais da Indústria de Conservas de Peixe, project in co-promotion I&DT QREN, nº 13634, financed by FEDER through POFC e Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade for which the authors are thankful. The authors also wish to thank the cannery in study for wastewater samples. Raquel O. Cristóvão thanks FCT for the Post-doc Scholarship (SFRH/ BPD/81564/2011).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Comparación de dos modelos de periodización (tradicional e inversa) sobre el rendimiento en la natación de velocidad

Las bases de la periodización tradicional establecidas cinco décadas atrás han sido estudiadas por numerosos investigadores. La periodización del entrenamiento de la natación, al igual que otros deportes, requiere de modulaciones en el volumen, intensidad y frecuencia del entrenamiento invirtiéndose en los programas tradicionales extensas horas y kilómetros de entrenamiento siguiendo habitualmente un régimen de trabajo de alto-volumen/moderada-intensidad. En los últimos años se han producido notables cambios en la programación del macrociclo tradicional mediante nuevos modelos de periodización. Uno de estos modelos basado en el ordenamiento de los mesociclos en orden inverso al macrociclo tradicional y un régimen de bajo-volumen/alta-intensidad de entrenamiento es el denominado como ¿periodización inversa¿ cuya intención es la reducción de elevados volúmenes de entrenamiento. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la eficacia de dos distintos modelos de periodización de la natación. Tomaron parte en este estudio 25 nadadores de nivel nacional y regional de la comunidad de Castilla-la Mancha (16.1±1.0 años 1.72±9.3cm 64.1±9.3 kg) divididos en dos grupos de entrenamiento, periodización tradicional (GPT) y periodización inversa (GPI) que entrenaron durante 14 semanas con el objetivo de mejorar el rendimiento en la prueba de 100 metros crol. Se analizaron en cinco ocasiones las variables de: Tiempo en un esfuerzo máximo de 100m crol (t100c), Velocidad media de Nado (VN), Nº de brazadas requeridas (BR) Distancia por Brazada (DB), Potencia Específica de Nado Generada con Cargas Externas (PENGCE) Carga Máxima de Arrastre (CMA), así como la composición corporal (Peso Corporal (PC), Masa Musculo-Esquelética (MME) y Masa Grasa (MG). El ANOVA de medidas repetidas muestra que después de 14 semanas de preparación, el GPI mejoró en el t100c, VN, PENGCE, CMA significativamente (p<0,05) respecto al GPT, los dos incrementaron la MME aunque sin diferencias entre grupos, y el GPT disminuyó MG de forma significativa (p<0.05) respecto al GPI. De los resultados observados en esta investigación podemos concluir que un programa de natación de 14 semanas para velocistas de la especialidad de 100 metros crol, basado en un modelo de periodización inversa de bajo volumen/alta intensidad; resultó más efectivo para la mejora del rendimiento para la prueba de 100m crol, que el programa de preparación basado en el modelo de periodización tradicional de alto volumen/moderada intensidad. Palabras clave: Periodización Inversa, Potencia, Entrenamiento, Natación

The use of autonomic modulation device to control training performance after high-intensity interval training program

The aim of the present research was to analyze the autonomic response in a group of trained swimmers before and after conducting a 4-week period of high-intensity interval training (HIT). Heart rate variability was analyzed in 14 swimmers (16.2 ± 2.6 years, 169.1 ± 10.2 cm and 61.3 ± 9.9 kg) in basal condition and during a HIT session before and after completing a training period. The HIT session that was evaluated consisted of: 16 × 25 m maximum speed, resting 30 s between sets. Participants combined aerobic training with tethered swimming and HIT sessions three times per week in a period of 4 weeks. Results showed a significantly decrease (p < 0.05) of the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), the standard deviation of differences between adjacent NN intervals (SDSD), the number of successive difference of intervals which differ by more than 50 ms (NN50), after the training period. Results showed a higher parasympathetic activation besides improvements in autonomic adaptation after HIT training period.Sin financiación2.415 JCR (2018) Q2, 41/98 Health Care Sciences & Services, 12/26 Medical Informatics0.565 SJR (2018) Q2, 28/163 Health Informatics, 11/57 Health Information Management, 104/941 Information Systems, 1184/2844 Medicine (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2018UE

Effects of Specific Strength Training on Sprint Swim Performance.

Swimming is a popular competitive sport, considered high influenced by the endurance and muscle-strength. The aim of the present research is to study effects of eight weeks training two different protocols of specific strength swimming training, tethered to external loads: linear set (SSTlinear) compared to pyramidal set and their influence on sprint 50m front crawl style (t50c). There were 16 female volunteer participants (age 16.22 ± 2.63 years; height 169 ± 10.20cm; body mass 61.33 ± 9.90kg), divided in two groups. Results at the end of eight weeks of study exhibit superiority of (SSTpyramidal) than (SSTlinear). Besides, the demands of specific strength swimming training; can variate in a wave form; decreasing before reach strength or power improvements; with a low improvement effects of swim performance

Do traditional and reverse swimming training periodizations lead to similar aerobic performance improvements?

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present research was to analyze the modifications on aerobic swimming performance indicators after performing traditional and reverse training periodizations (TTP and RTP, respectively). METHODS: Seventeen trained swimmers were divided into two groups: one group (N.=7) performed 10 weeks of TTP (based on high volumes and an increased intensity during the program) and the second one (N.=10) was involved in a similar period of RTP (based on low volumes and high intensity during the entire program). Velocity (v), heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at the intensity of 4 mmol/L of blood lactate concentration, v, HR, RPE, stroke rate, stroke length and stroke index at the minimal intensity that elicits maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were analyzed pre- and post-training intervention. RESULTS: Stroke index significantly increased (2.9±0.3 vs. 3.1±0.2; P<0.05) and stroke rate and RPE at vVO2max significantly decreased after performing TTP. In the RTP group, VO2max significantly increased (50.9±6.6 vs. 54.1±4.7 mL/min/kg). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, RTP performed for 10 weeks was more effective than TTP to increase the VO2max in trained swimmers, but TTP yields a higher swimming efficiency, probably due to the higher volume of technical training performed during the training program.Sin financiación1.302 JCR (2018) Q4, 66/83 Sport Sciences0.537 SJR (2018) Q2, 124/289 Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 79/209 Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation; Q3, 79/125 Sports ScienceNo data IDR 2018UE

Advancing sports science and physical education research through a shared understanding of the term motor performance skills: A scoping review with content analysis

Background: The inappropriate usage of terms and concepts and/or unclear definitions provided in the scientific literature hinder progress in any scientific field. This risk is especially noticeable in applied fields of research such as sports science and physical education. Objective: This study explored existing literature that uses the term ‘motor performance skills’ and aimed to propose a comprehensive definition to be applied in future research. Method: Following an adapted scoping approach grounded in the rapid review model, we searched electronic databases Pub-Med/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 2022. The primary demographic focus was sports science and physical education disciplines. After screening of titles and abstracts, 184 papers were identified for a full review. Twenty-two papers met the inclusion criteria from the full review and received qualitative content analysis. The qualitative content analysis focused on the elaborated qualities of the term ‘motor performance skill’. Coding was used to identify and extract content, identify patterns, and observe the depth of interpretation of the term. Results: Only six papers used descriptive language, and three used explanatory language to convey aspects of the term’s meaning. All included papers extrapolated or provided examples to demonstrate the term’s meaning. Based on a collaborative process, the study reached a proposed definition that has the potential to be coined for the term ‘motor performance skills’ and used in future research. Conclusion: Thus, the current analysis revealed the need to collaboratively address the conceptual ambiguity and develop a comprehensive definition of ‘motor performance skills

Advancing Sports Science and Physical Education Research Through a Shared Understanding of the Term Motor Performance Skills: A Scoping Review with Content Analysis

Background: The inappropriate usage of terms and concepts and/or unclear definitions provided in the scientific literature hinder progress in any scientific field. This risk is especially noticeable in applied fields of research such as sports science and physical education. Objective: This study explored existing literature that uses the term ‘motor performance skills’ and aimed to propose a comprehensive definition to be applied in future research. Method: Following an adapted scoping approach grounded in the rapid review model, we searched electronic databases Pub-Med/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 2022. The primary demographic focus was sports science and physical education disciplines. After screening of titles and abstracts, 184 papers were identified for a full review. Twenty-two papers met the inclusion criteria from the full review and received qualitative content analysis. The qualitative content analysis focused on the elaborated qualities of the term ‘motor performance skill’. Coding was used to identify and extract content, identify patterns, and observe the depth of interpretation of the term. Results: Only six papers used descriptive language, and three used explanatory language to convey aspects of the term’s meaning. All included papers extrapolated or provided examples to demonstrate the term’s meaning. Based on a collaborative process, the study reached a proposed definition that has the potential to be coined for the term ‘motor performance skills’ and used in future research. Conclusion: Thus, the current analysis revealed the need to collaboratively address the conceptual ambiguity and develop a comprehensive definition of ‘motor performance skills