21 research outputs found
Labor Supply Response to International Migration and Remittances in the Republic
The Republic of Haiti is the prime international remittances recipient country in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region relative to its gross domestic product (GDP). The downside of this observation may be that this country is also the first exporter of skilled workers in the world by population size. The present research uses a zero-altered negative binomial (with logit inflation) to model householdsâ international migration decision process, and endogenous regressorsâ Amemiya Generalized Least Squares method (instrumental variable Tobit, IV-Tobit) to account for selectivity and endogeneity issues in assessing the impact of remittances on labor market outcomes. Results are in line with what has been found so far in this literature in terms of a decline of labor supply in the presence of remittances. However, the impact of international remittances does not seem to be important in determining recipient householdsâ labor participation behavior, particularly for women.Republic of Haiti, international migration, remittances, labor supply
Vulnerability to Poverty: A Microeconometric Approach and Application to the Republic of Haiti
This paper investigates vulnerability to poverty in Haiti. Research in vulnerability in developing countries has been scarce due to the high data requirements of vulnerability studies (e.g. panel or long series of cross-sections). The methodology adopted here allows the assessment of vulnerability to poverty by exploiting the short panel structure of nested data at different levels. The decomposition method reveals that vulnerability in Haiti is largely a rural phenomenon and that schooling correlates negatively with vulnerability. Most importantly, among the different shocks affecting householdâs income, it is found that meso-level shocks are in general far more important than covariate shocks. This finding points to some interesting policy implications in decentralizing policies to alleviate vulnerability to poverty.vulnerability, poverty, hierarchical model, Republic of Haiti.
International Migration, Remittances and Labour Supply: The Case of the Republic of Haiti
The Republic of Haiti is a prime international remittance recipient country in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region, relative to its gross domestic product (GDP). The downside of this fact may be that Haiti, based on population size, is also the largest exporter of skilled workers in the world. The present research uses a zero-altered negative binomial (with logit inflation) to model the international migration decision process of households, and endogenous regressors. Amemiya generalized least squares method (instrumental variable Tobit, IV-Tobit) to account for selectivity and endogeneity issues to assess the impact of remittances on labour market outcomes. The results in terms of a decline of labour supply in the presence of remittances are in line with those observed thus far in the literature. However, the impact of international remittances does not seem to be important in determining the labour participation behaviour, particularly forRepublic of Haiti, international migration, remittances, labour supply
Income Distribution and Poverty in the Republic of Haiti
After decades of stagnation and economic decline coupled with political upheavals, the Republic of Haiti is today the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere and one of the poorest in the world. The present research reveals that this country is also where income is worst distributed in the most unequal region of the world, viz., Latin America and the Carribbean. We use the 2001 Haiti Living Conditions Survey for distributive analysis and poverty assessment to try to make manifest the potential links between household well-being and individual socio-economic characteristics. One particular finding is that access to land does not help the poor escape poverty. Complementary to the inequality and poverty profiles constructed herein, a relatively new methodology using weighted least squares for complex survey is adopted to additively decompose inequality by multiple factor components. Also, we estimate a polychotomous ordered logic to investigate the risk of being indigent or poor.Republic of Haiti, inequality, multiple factor components decomposition, poverty, stochastic dominance
Labor supply response to international migration and remittances in the Republic of Haiti
The Republic of Haiti is the prime international remittances recipient country in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region relative to its gross domestic product (GDP). The downside of this observation may be that this country is also the first exporter of skilled workers in the world by population size. The present research uses a zero-altered negative binomial (with logit inflation) to model households' international migration decision process, and endogenous regressors' Amemiya Generalized Least Squares method (instrumental variable Tobit, IV-Tobit) to account for selectivity and endogeneity issues in assessing the impact of remittances on labor market outcomes. Results are in line with what has been found so far in this literature in terms of a decline of labor supply in the presence of remittances. However, the impact of international remittances does not seem to be important in determining recipient households' labor participation behavior, particularly for women
Vulnerability to poverty : A microeconometric approach and application to the Republic of Haiti
This paper investigates vulnerability to poverty in Haiti. Research in vulnerability in developing countries has been scarce due to the high data requirements of vulnerability studies (e.g. panel or long series of cross-sections). The methodology adopted here allows the assessment of vulnerability to poverty by exploiting the short panel structure of nested data at different levels. The decomposition method reveals that vulnerability in Haiti is largely a rural phenomenon and that schooling correlates negatively with vulnerability. Most importantly, among the different shocks affecting household's income, it is found that meso-level shocks are in general far more important than covariate shocks. This finding points to some interesting policy implications in decentralizing policies to alleviate vulnerability to poverty
Vulnerability to poverty: A microeconometric approach and application to the Republic of Haiti
This paper investigates vulnerability to poverty in Haiti. Research in vulnerability in developing countries has been scarce due to the high data requirements of vulnerability studies (e.g. panel or long series of cross-sections). The methodology adopted here allows the assessment of vulnerability to poverty by exploiting the short panel structure of nested data at different levels. The decomposition method reveals that vulnerability in Haiti is largely a rural phenomenon and that schooling correlates negatively with vulnerability. Most importantly, among the different shocks affecting household's income, it is found that meso-level shocks are in general far more important than covariate shocks. This finding points to some interesting policy implications in decentralizing policies to alleviate vulnerability to poverty
Characterization of inequality and poverty in the Republic of Haiti
After nearly twenty years of stagnation
and economic decline coupled
with political upheavals, the Republic
of Haiti, with a GDP per capita of
approximately 1,470 USD (expressed
in Purchasing Power Parity) in the
year 2000, is at this date the poorest
nation in the Western hemisphere
and one of the poorest of the world.
The present research reveals that
this country is also where income is
worst distributed in the most
unequal region of the world, viz.,
Latin America and the Caribbean
(LAC). Thus, besides the pervasive
nature of poverty, income distribution
also emerges as a potential
stumbling block to growth prospects
and should be of high concern for policy makers, let alone be part
of a global policy to tackle the
poverty scourge. The present
research uses the 2001 Haiti Living
Conditions Survey, the most recent
multi-topic survey for the Republic
of Haiti, for distributive analysis and
absolute poverty assessment.
Preliminary results show that poverty,
as expected, is more widespread
in the rural area while the
Metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince
is where the incidence of poverty is
the lowest. Surprisingly, access to
physical productive asset, such as
land, does not help the peasant
escape poverty. In addition to the
derivation of inequality and poverty
profiles, a weighted least square
with proper design based for stratified,
multistage, and probability
cluster sampling is used to additively
decompose inequality by multiple
factor components. Also, a polychotomous
ordered logit is estimated
to investigate the risk of being
indigent or poor.DespuĂ©s de aproximadamente veinte años de estancamiento econĂłmico acompañado de disturbios polĂticos, la repĂșblica de HaitĂ, exhibiendo un PIB per capita en paridad de poder de compra de 1,470 dĂłlares estadounidenses, es actualmente el paĂs mĂĄs pobre del hemisferio occidental y uno de los mĂĄs pobres del mundo. El presente trabajo de investigaciĂłn tambiĂ©n revela que es el paĂs mĂĄs desigual en la regiĂłn mĂĄs desigual del mundo, a saber, AmĂ©rica Latina y el Caribe (ALC). AmĂ©n del carĂĄcter endĂ©mico de la pobreza en este paĂs, el problema de la distribuciĂłn de la renta puede representar un verdadero escollo a las perspectivas de crecimiento y, por ende, deberĂa constituir una de las principales preocupaciones de los responsables polĂticos en sus programas de lucha contra este flagelo. Para trabajo se utiliza la Encuesta sobre las Condiciones de Vida en HaitĂ para estimar el estado de la pobreza y la desigualdad para el periodo 2000/2001. Los primeros resultados destacan, sin sorpresa, que la pobreza es mĂĄs generalizada en la zona rural mientras la zona metropolitana de Puerto PrĂncipe acusa las tasas mĂĄs bajas. El acceso a ciertos factores de producciĂłn, tales como la tierra agrĂcola, no constituye una vĂa de escape a la pobreza. TambiĂ©n se propone una descomposiciĂłn de la desigualdad en varios ĂĄmbitos vĂa la estimaciĂłn de mĂnimos cuadrados ponderados para encuestas complejas. Finalmente, se estima un logit policotĂłmico ordenado para investigar la probabilidad de un hogar de ser pobre o indigente
Labor supply response to international migration and remittances in the Republic of Haiti
The Republic of Haiti is the prime international remittances recipient country in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region relative to its gross domestic product (GDP). The downside of this observation may be that this country is also the first exporter of skilled workers in the world by population size. The present research uses a zero-altered negative binomial (with logit inflation) to model households' international migration decision process, and endogenous regressors' Amemiya Generalized Least Squares method (instrumental variable Tobit, IV-Tobit) to account for selectivity and endogeneity issues in assessing the impact of remittances on labor market outcomes. Results are in line with what has been found so far in this literature in terms of a decline of labor supply in the presence of remittances. However, the impact of international remittances does not seem to be important in determining recipient households' labor participation behavior, particularly for women