Correlating the properties of near-room-temperature first- and second-order magnetocaloric materials

Several magnetocaloric materials have been proposed since the discovery of the Giant Magnetocaloric Effect. Although some have great potential as magnetocaloric refrigerants or working materials in thermomagnetic motors/generators, only a few have been tested experimentally or had their properties incorporated into validated mathematical models. While experiments are limited by material costs and specialized equipment to determine magnetic field-dependent properties such as specific heat capacity and magnetization, the development of correlation methods must ensure data quality and resolution over a wide range of conditions to reduce interpolations errors. Aiming to keep the number of baseline experimental data points at a minimum, we propose a fitting procedure to correlate thermomagnetic quantities (i.e., isofield specific heat capacity, magnetization and isothermal entropy change) that is accurate at intermediate (i.e., not directly measured) temperatures and applied magnetic fields. The method has been applied to different first-order materials (La(Fe,Mn,Si) H and MnFeP As ) and second-order materials (Gd and Gd Y ) with a good reproducibility of the isofield specific heat capacity, entropy–temperature diagram, adiabatic temperature change and magnetization behavior around room temperature at applied fields between 0 and 2 T

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others