CP eWheel

With an increasing demand for environmentally friendly transportation options, the bike market is larger than ever. According to bikeleague.org, from 2005 to 2013, the number of commuters using bikes has grown by 62%, and continues to rise. Regardless, commute time remains a barrier for many prospective users. Traditional bikes are useful in scenarios where the user only needs to travel a short distance. Electric bikes allow individuals to travel to farther destinations quicker, and with less effort. However, most electric bikes are rather expensive, typically ranging in price from one thousand to ten thousand dollars. Additionally, because the bike, motor, and battery typically are combined into a single product, there are fewer customization options than desired. The CP eWheel will tackle both of these issues by simply attaching to virtually any existing bike, at a price point similar to that of a lower end electric bike. The wheel shall be marketed as a single unit, with all of the vital components stored in the hub of the rear wheel. This includes components such as the motor, sensors, and battery. The CP eWheel will also feature a smartphone app that will allow users to control the eWheel and receive feedback from it. While this product will offer a convenient solution for those who already own a bike and simply want an upgrade, there are many other applications for this eWheel. For example, it will be possible to adapt this technology to a skateboard, and the user will only need to replace the wheels, instead of buying an entirely new board. The possibilities for this product are nearly endless, and it offers a convenient solution for anyone who rides a bike on a daily basis

A High Resolution Simulation of a Single Shock-Accelerated Particle

Abstract Particle drag models, which capture macroviscous and pressure effects, have been developed over the years for various flow regimes to enable cost effective simulations of particle-laden flows. The relatively recent derivation by Maxey and Riley has provided an exact equation of motion for spherical particles in a flow field based on the continuum assumption. Many models that have been simplified from these equations have provided reasonable approximations; however, the sensitivity of particle-laden flows to particle drag requires a very accurate model to simulate. To develop such a model, a two-dimensional axisymmetric Navier–Stokes direct numerical simulation of a single particle in a transient, shock-driven flow field was conducted using the hydrocode FLAG. FLAGs capability to run arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian hydrodynamics coupled with solid mechanic models makes it an ideal code to capture the physics of the flow field around and in the particle as it is shock-accelerated—a challenging regime to study. The goal of this work is twofold: to provide a validation for FLAGs Navier–Stokes and heat diffusion solutions and to provide a rationale for recent experimental particle drag measurements.</jats:p

Evaporation and breakup effects in the shock-driven multiphase instability

Abstract </jats:p

Directed Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells from Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Several neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, the leukodystrophies, and traumatic injury, result in loss of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). These disorders may benefit from cell-based therapies that prevent further demyelination or are able to restore lost myelin. One potential therapeutic strategy for these disorders is the manufacture of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) by the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It has been proposed that OPCs could be transplanted into demyelinated or dysmyelinated regions of the CNS, where they would migrate to the area of injury before terminally differentiating into myelinating oligodendrocytes. OPCs derived from mouse iPSCs are particularly useful for modeling this therapeutic approach and for studying the biology of oligodendrocyte progenitors because of the availability of mouse models of neurological disorders associated with myelin deficiency. Moreover, the utility of miPSC-derived OPCs would be significantly enhanced by the adoption of a consistent, reproducible differentiation protocol that allows OPCs derived from different cell lines to be robustly characterized and compared. Here we describe a standardized, defined protocol that reliably directs the differentiation of miPSCs to generate high yields of OPCs that are capable of maturing into oligodendrocytes.</jats:p

MOESM1 of T cell deficiency in spinal cord injury: altered locomotor recovery and whole-genome transcriptional analysis

Additional file 1: Table S1. Complete list of identified genes, expression values, and significance testing