The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis

Hormonal changes in humans during spaceflight have been demonstrated but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. To clarify this point thyroid and testis/epididymis, both regulated by anterior pituitary gland, have been analyzed on long-term space-exposed male C57BL/10 mice, either wild type or pleiotrophin transgenic, overexpressing osteoblast stimulating factor-1. Glands were submitted to morphological and functional analysis

Ordem temporal e inferência causal

Medidas de mudança em pares de variáveis atitudinais podem proporcionar insights Importantes sobre a estrutura dos sistemas de crenças políticas dos públicos de massa. Dados de painéis revelam evidências da grande centralidade de alguns elementos de idéias em vez de outros no contexto de constrangimento dinâmico de curto prazo. A especificação dos atributos teoricamente relevantes dos eleitores torna possível testar diferenças estruturais esperadas que conectam predisposições relacionadas a políticas e preferências por políticas; a especificação também torna possível testar proposições que envolvem os efeitos recíprocos de atitudes e preferências emergentes de voto. Algumas das especificações mais úteis revelam até que ponto a heterogeneidade da população produz uma imagem embaçada de relações quando a análise se baseia no eleitorado total, em vez de se limitar a eleitores ou subconjuntos de eleitores especificados por critérios teóricos.<br>Measures of change in pairs of attitudinal variables can provide important insights into the structure of the political belief systems of mass publics. Panel data reveal evidence of the greater centrality of some idea elements rather than others in the context of short-term dynamic constraint. Specification of the theoretically relevant voter attributes makes it possible to test for expected structural differences connecting policy related pre-dispositions and policy preferences; specification also makes it possible to test propositions involving the reciprocal effects of attitudes and emerging vote preferences. Some of the more helpful specifications disclose the extent to which population heterogeneity produces a blurred image of relationships when analysis is based on the total electorate rather than limited to voters or subsets of voters specified by theoretical criteria

Schönlein-Henoch purpura during pregnancy with successful outcome for mother and newborn

<p>Abstrac</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Schönlein-Henoch purpura is a systemic vasculitis that affects vessels of a small caliber and rarely reported in the literature.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report on a 35-year-old woman who developed palpable purpura with necrotizing cutaneous lesions on the lower limbs at 27 weeks of gestation. She also complained of epigastric pain and arthralgias. Histologic examination of a skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with intravascular fibrin thrombi. The direct immunofluorescence analysis evidenced vascular deposits of IgA and C3 in the upper and mid-dermis. These findings were consistent with Schönlein-Henoch purpura. There was no evidence of renal involvement or placental dysfunction. The patient was treated with low-dose oral corticosteroids and a healthy infant was delivered by cesarean section. Examination of the placenta and the navel string disclosed no signs of vasculitis or infarction.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Schönlein-Henoch purpura is rarely reported in pregnancy. Treatment with orally administred corticosteroids may lead to a beneficial outcome for mother and newborn.</p

What should I do about my patient's gall stones?

The problem of benign biliary disease is one that causes significant morbidity and social economic strain in the western world. The classical treatment, cholecystectomy, has been challenged by various medical and surgical techniques in a seemingly random nature. The development of the treatment of gall stone disease is reviewed by analysis of published studies over the last 20 years. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed as an overview and summary of the current management of gall stone disease in the light of our knowledge of its malignant potential