CONTRATO DE COMUNICAÇÃO "COLABORATIVA" NA INTERNET: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE A WIKIPÉDIA LUSÓFONA

Este trabalho resultou da aplicação da teoria semiolingüística do discurso de Patrick Charadeau no contexto da comunicação colaborativa na internet. O principal objetivo foi descrever/traduzir para o domínio particular de interações "linguageiras" os postulados em torno da natureza simbólica da vida social

Periodismo multiplataforma y (des) convergencia en Portugal

This article analyzes interactional dynamics between journalists of the Portuguese centenary newspaper Jornal de Notícias during the multiplatform coverage of the Pedrógão Grande tragedy. The forest fires in the summer of 2017 in central Portugal gained international media attention for the deaths caused and the extent of devastated areas. The perspective of media convergence is adopted, crossed by movements of divergence, deconvergence and coexistence, to understand how Jornal de Notícias adapts itself and manages to be competitive in the contemporary media ecosystem. The case study reveals the adoption of a complex model of convergence, which articulates new and old professional practices and processes that go beyond the simplistic and dominant discourse of journalistic convergence.Este artigo analisa dinâmicas interacionais entre jornalistas do centenário diário português Jornal de Notícias durante a cobertura multiplataforma da tragédia de Pedrógão Grande. Os incêndios florestais ocorridos no verão europeu de 2017, na região central de Portugal, ganharam atenção midiática internacional pelas mortes provocadas e extensão de áreas devastadas. Adota-se a perspectiva da convergência midiática, atravessada por movimentos de divergência, desconvergência e coexistência, para compreender como o Jornal de Notícias se adapta e consegue ser competitivo no ecossistema midiático contemporâneo. O estudo de caso revela a adoção de um complexo modelo de convergência, que coloca em articulação novos e velhos processos e práticas profissionais que vão além do discurso simplista e dominante da convergência jornalística

Pelas Esquinas da Vida: a (Des)Construção da Imagem de Prostitutas na Série O Negócio

Este artigo analisa a construção da imagem de garotas de programa na série televisiva brasileira O Negócio, exibida pelo canal HBO. Parte-se de noções de representação para compreender enquadramentos e particularidades da prostituição em séries de TV na contemporaneidade. A estratégia metodológica adotada foi a análise das imagens em movimento nos 13 episódios da primeira temporada da série. Uma das descobertas da pesquisa foi que O Negócio associa a representação das profissionais do sexo ao mundo dos negócios, sob a perspectiva do luxo, e posiciona as protagonistas como prostitutas por livre escolha, ousadas e independentes. Essa representação se distancia do chamado “submundo” da prostituição de rua e dos prostíbulos, que retrata mulheres marginalizadas e associadas ao uso de drogas

Jornalismo de soluções como estratégia de política editorial na multiplataforma do bicentenário The Guardian

Este artigo explora uma vertente emergente no jornalismo contemporâneo, denominada Jornalismo de Soluções, como inovação de práticas jornalísticas sob a perspectiva de experiências e representações sociais mais inclusivas. A partir do quadro teórico de comunidade interpretativa, e suas relações com conceitos de noticiabilidade e valores-notícia, adota-se uma metodologia experimental híbrida para seleção, tratamento e análise de reportagens sob a temática da saúde publicadas entre os anos de 2011 e 2019 na multiplataforma do jornal britânico The Guardian, que completa 200 anos de publicação ininterrupta em 2021. Os achados sugerem que embora as reportagens enderecem, de fato, a relação problema-resposta em diferentes contextos internacionais, não se configuram como evidências de soluções, temporárias ou permanentes, relativas ao tratamento da raiz de problemas societais sistêmicos.

Neuropsychological predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease: a feature selection ensemble combining stability and predictability

Background Predicting progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is an utmost open issue in AD-related research. Neuropsychological assessment has proven to be useful in identifying MCI patients who are likely to convert to dementia. However, the large battery of neuropsychological tests (NPTs) performed in clinical practice and the limited number of training examples are challenge to machine learning when learning prognostic models. In this context, it is paramount to pursue approaches that effectively seek for reduced sets of relevant features. Subsets of NPTs from which prognostic models can be learnt should not only be good predictors, but also stable, promoting generalizable and explainable models. Methods We propose a feature selection (FS) ensemble combining stability and predictability to choose the most relevant NPTs for prognostic prediction in AD. First, we combine the outcome of multiple (filter and embedded) FS methods. Then, we use a wrapper-based approach optimizing both stability and predictability to compute the number of selected features. We use two large prospective studies (ADNI and the Portuguese Cognitive Complaints Cohort, CCC) to evaluate the approach and assess the predictive value of a large number of NPTs. Results The best subsets of features include approximately 30 and 20 (from the original 79 and 40) features, for ADNI and CCC data, respectively, yielding stability above 0.89 and 0.95, and AUC above 0.87 and 0.82. Most NPTs learnt using the proposed feature selection ensemble have been identified in the literature as strong predictors of conversion from MCI to AD. Conclusions The FS ensemble approach was able to 1) identify subsets of stable and relevant predictors from a consensus of multiple FS methods using baseline NPTs and 2) learn reliable prognostic models of conversion from MCI to AD using these subsets of features. The machine learning models learnt from these features outperformed the models trained without FS and achieved competitive results when compared to commonly used FS algorithms. Furthermore, the selected features are derived from a consensus of methods thus being more robust, while releasing users from choosing the most appropriate FS method to be used in their classification task.PTDC/EEI-SII/1937/2014; SFRH/BD/95846/2013; SFRH/BD/118872/2016info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens