286 research outputs found
Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Quality in Italian and American Adolescents
This study investigated cross-cultural differences in adolescent sleep hygiene and sleep quality. Participants were 1348 students (655 males; 693 females) aged 12-17 years from public school systems in Rome, Italy (n = 776) and Southern Mississippi (n = 572). Participants completed the Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale and the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale. Reported sleep hygiene and sleep quality were significantly better for Italian than American adolescents. A moderate linear relationship was observed between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in both samples (Italians: R =.40; Americans: R =.46). Separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that sleep hygiene accounted for significant variance in sleep quality, even after controlling for demographic and health variables (Italians: R-2 =.38; Americans: R-2 =.44). The results of this study suggest that there are cultural differences in sleep quality and sleep hygiene practices, and that sleep hygiene practices are importantly related to adolescent sleep quality
SNAP: Efficient Extraction of Private Properties with Poisoning
Property inference attacks allow an adversary to extract global properties of
the training dataset from a machine learning model. Such attacks have privacy
implications for data owners sharing their datasets to train machine learning
models. Several existing approaches for property inference attacks against deep
neural networks have been proposed, but they all rely on the attacker training
a large number of shadow models, which induces a large computational overhead.
In this paper, we consider the setting of property inference attacks in which
the attacker can poison a subset of the training dataset and query the trained
target model. Motivated by our theoretical analysis of model confidences under
poisoning, we design an efficient property inference attack, SNAP, which
obtains higher attack success and requires lower amounts of poisoning than the
state-of-the-art poisoning-based property inference attack by Mahloujifar et
al. For example, on the Census dataset, SNAP achieves 34% higher success rate
than Mahloujifar et al. while being 56.5x faster. We also extend our attack to
infer whether a certain property was present at all during training and
estimate the exact proportion of a property of interest efficiently. We
evaluate our attack on several properties of varying proportions from four
datasets and demonstrate SNAP's generality and effectiveness. An open-source
implementation of SNAP can be found at https://github.com/johnmath/snap-sp23.Comment: 28 pages, 16 figure
Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Quality in Italian and American Adolescents
This study investigated cross-cultural differences in adolescent sleep hygiene and sleep quality. Participants were 1348 students (655 males; 693 females) aged 12-17 years from public school systems in Rome, Italy (n = 776) and Southern Mississippi (n = 572). Participants completed the Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale and the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale. Reported sleep hygiene and sleep quality were significantly better for Italian than American adolescents. A moderate linear relationship was observed between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in both samples (Italians: R =.40; Americans: R =.46). Separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that sleep hygiene accounted for significant variance in sleep quality, even after controlling for demographic and health variables (Italians: R-2 =.38; Americans: R-2 =.44). The results of this study suggest that there are cultural differences in sleep quality and sleep hygiene practices, and that sleep hygiene practices are importantly related to adolescent sleep quality
Psychometric Properties of the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS), a self-report measure assessing sleep practices theoretically important for optimal sleep. Data were collected on a community sample of 514 adolescents (16–19; 17.7 ± 0.4 years; 50% female) participating in the late adolescent examination of a longitudinal study on sleep and health. Sleep hygiene and daytime sleepiness were obtained from adolescent reports, behavior from caretaker reports, and sleep-wake estimation on weekdays from wrist actigraphy. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the empirical and conceptually based factor structure were similar for six of the eight proposed sleep hygiene domains. Internal consistency of the revised scale (ASHSr) was α = 0.84; subscale alphas were: physiological: α = 0.60; behavioural arousal: α = 0.62; cognitive/emotional: α = 0.81; sleep environment: α = 0.61; sleep stability: α = 0.68; daytime sleep: α = 0.78. Sleep hygiene scores were associated positively with sleep duration (r = 0.16) and sleep efficiency (r = 0.12) and negatively with daytime sleepiness (r = −0.26). Results of extreme-groups analyses comparing ASHSr scores in the lowest and highest quintile provided further evidence for concurrent validity. Correlations between sleep hygiene scores and caretaker reports of school competence, internalizing and externalizing behaviours provided support for convergent validity. These findings indicate that the ASHSr has satisfactory psychometric properties for a research instrument and is a useful research tool for assessing sleep hygiene in adolescents
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