24 research outputs found

    Impacts of Industrial Cyber‐Physical Systems on the Building Trades

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    This chapter provides a non-exhaustive picture of the opportunities, experiences and transformations that have taken place over the last 10 years. Many of these have been, and increasingly will be, supported by the emergence of “new” technologies originally developed for the manufacturing sector. The chapter presents an example of an industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPS) prototype under construction. Following in the footsteps of the major groups, and in order to finally change the paradigm, the construction sector is stepping up its efforts and attempting to embark on the digital path. The best example of this is the digital mock-up and more specifically building information modeling. ICPS can be the source of important transformations in the construction sector. Several examples of the use of technologies and principles are detailed, according to the four functions of an ICPS, i.e. control, learn and interact, sense and distribute information, and digitalize

    Litigation management process in construction industry

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    For an Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management contract, collaboration between the different actors is essential from the very beginning of the project to consider all the constraints. Working upstream reduces the occurrence of problems that could lead to claims. As long as trust and dialogue are present, disputes can be settled by agreement, but if dialogue is cut off, the negotiation phases are over. The solution is then to move to alternative dispute resolution methods involving outside third-party mediator. If, despite this, no agreement is reached, the last option is to proceed to legal proceedings. This paper develops a litigation management process for the construction industry in Quebec (Canada) to guide future litigation project managers, whether they are on the plaintiffs of the defendant’s side of the claim. The proposed process links the litigation team members, lawyers and experts. The process divided into ten phases, contains sequences of activities, resources, input and output documents and deliverables. The process was validated in terms of standardization in order to assess its capability to support different construction types of projects and contracts. With this process, litigation managers will be able to oversee litigation through a better visibility of the activities to be planned and forecast costs

    Utilisation du BIM dans une application RV Ă  des fins de maintenance d'un bĂątiment

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    La rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle (RV) est une technologie d'environnement tridimensionnelle, qui intĂšgre plusieurs technologies pour gĂ©nĂ©rer un environnement de perception tridimensionnel rĂ©aliste en impliquant des rĂ©cepteurs sensoriels tels que la vue, l'ouĂŻe, le toucher, etc. La technologie « Building Information Modeling » (BIM) consiste Ă  Ă©tablir une base de donnĂ©es d'informations sur les modĂšles couvrant l'ensemble des Ă©tapes du cycle de vie des bĂątiments. Elle facilite ainsi l'intĂ©gration et le partage d'informations « Ă  jour ». Ces donnĂ©es contenues dans la maquette numĂ©rique sont destinĂ©es Ă  l’ensemble des professions impliquĂ©es dans le projet (de l’architecte au plus petit artisan). En bref, la technologie BIM se concentre principalement sur la façon d'intĂ©grer et de partager des donnĂ©es dans divers domaines, et la technologie de la RV vise Ă  restituer (par exemple sous forme visuelle) ces donnĂ©es complexes. Dans ce contexte, notre Ă©tude s’intĂ©resse au passage du DOE (Dossier des Ouvrages ExĂ©cutĂ©s) NumĂ©rique, Ă©tabli en toute fin de projet de construction au Facility Management (ou maintenance et gestion des installations). Nous Ă©tudierons pour cela le rĂŽle que la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle peut jouer dans ce passage

    Enhancing Operator Engagement during AI-assisted Manufacturing Work Using Optimal State Deviation Feedback System

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    The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in manufacturing is shifting the focus of operators from manual labor to cognitive supervision roles. While this transition demands more engagement from operators, the less stimulating nature of monitoring tasks has, paradoxically, reduced operator involvement, consequently presenting new challenges in performance maintenance. Addressing this issue, our research adopted an iterative design science methodology to create a biocybernetic system that aims to enhance operator engagement in their evolving workplace. This system leverages physiological signals to intuitively display how much an operator’s engagement level deviates from an ideal state, ensuring operators stay aware of their psychophysiological state of engagement and can quickly adjust to any decreases in engagement. In this paper, we detail the 4-step process that led to the development of the first version of the system. Capitalizing on the physiological differences observed in manufacturing operators during “high” and “low” engagement scenarios, we defined a task-specific Optimal State Deviation Index (OSDI) formula. This formula enabled us to predict participants' engagement states with an 80.95 % success rate in our testing dataset

    L'origine de l'objectif est-elle importante? Effets motivationnels d'objectifs autod{\'e}finis en production

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    Only 21% of employees consider themselves engaged at work. Moreover, disengagement has been shown to be even more problematic when work is repetitive in nature. Lack of engagement has been linked to variety of negative outcomes for employees and companies (e.g., turnover, absenteeism, well-being, safety incidents, productivity). Gamification, i.e., integrating game elements into work systems, has been successfully used to increase engagement and motivation, even when work tasks were mundane and repetitive. In the current study, we focused on a commonly used game element, goal setting, through the lens of self-determination theory and goal-setting theory. We argue that goals given by an external source (e.g., company, experimenter) produce extrinsic motivation, which improves engagement and performance only in the short term. We posit that self-set goals lead to more autonomous motivation, and therefore long-term engagement and performance. One hundred two participants completed a repetitive material-handling task in one of three conditions (assigned goal, self-set goal, no goal). Results showed that perceived autonomy (autonomous motivation) and performance were best when goals were self-set. Engagement, however, was equal between self-set and assigned goals. The results indicate that self-set goals have the greatest potential to generate long-term positive outcomes both for employees and companies.Comment: in French language, CIGI QUALITA MOSIM 2023, Jun 2023, Trois Rivi{\`e}res, Canad

    Transformer le secteur de la construction par le numérique : un chantier ambitieux et nécessaire

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    L’industrie de la construction joue un rĂŽle prĂ©pondĂ©rant dans l’économie. MalgrĂ© son importance, elle fut longtemps dĂ©crite comme moins productive et innovante que d’autres secteurs. Depuis quelques annĂ©es, cette situation semble changer et plusieurs acteurs reconnaissent la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’innover pour assurer la compĂ©titivitĂ© des entreprises. De nouvelles formes de travail Ă©mergent grĂące Ă  l’introduction de technologies telles que la modĂ©lisation des donnĂ©es du bĂątiment (BIM), la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle et augmentĂ©e, la prĂ©fabrication, les objets intelligents, la fabrication additive, les technologies portables, l’automatisation, la robotisation, etc. Au QuĂ©bec, plusieurs grandes entreprises ont dĂ©jĂ  adoptĂ© certaines de ces technologies, mais leur mise en Ɠuvre reste encore embryonnaire, en particulier chez les petites entreprises. Selon nombre d’experts, l’utilisation des technologies doit ĂȘtre encouragĂ©e afin de crĂ©er une vĂ©ritable transformation numĂ©rique de la construction au QuĂ©bec. Ce chapitre propose une courte analyse de cette transformation et des pistes d’intervention pour le contexte quĂ©bĂ©cois, Ă  partir des tendances observĂ©es au niveau international

    Contribution Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre du BIM en rĂ©novation : Proposition d'un ModĂšle de MaturitĂ© BIM spĂ©cifique

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    This research aims to answer two imperatives: 1) promote an economically promising sector, Renovation, that has not been subject to much scientific study; and 2) offer companies in this sector useful tools to help them succeed in their digital transition, a major challenge of the 21st century. When it comes to disseminating an Information System such as BIM, it is essential to use levers that enhance its implementation: the Critical Success Factor, fundamentals of Project Management, drafting BIM Execution Plans, an Integrated Project Delivery approach and Maturity Models. To ensure the right fit between these different levers and the specific needs of the Renovation segment, we conducted a survey with a representative panel of small enterprises, predominant in this sector. This survey confirmed that the sector is still in the early days of digital transition due to the small size of companies and economic situations that often reduce visibility and the ability to make long-term investment decisions. Small renovation firms are not always aware of the need for change (they are generally satisfied with 2D drawings and artisanal processes) and are therefore reluctant to invest in digital solutions such as BIM. In spite of this, most stakeholders are aware that in order to benefit from the transition or risk being left behind, they must find support in tools specific to their uses and practices. To measure their maturity and then realistically define their own development objectives, we therefore developed a "BIM Maturity Model for Renovation" or BiMÂČFR. The format and ease of implementation should enable small enterprises to identify their situation, emphasize their strengths and weaknesses, and then outline individual action plans suited to their activities. The Critical Success Factors analyzed and presented within BiMÂČFR should guarantee successful progress as companies implement BIM. In order to broaden the scope of this work, we created a free web interface for companies to make their own BIM maturity diagnosis. The site www.BiM2FR.eu, in addition to helping these companies, offers us, through the data collected and exchanged, a large number of research opportunities.Cette recherche a pour but de rĂ©pondre Ă  deux impĂ©ratifs : travailler pour un secteur d’activitĂ© porteur Ă©conomiquement, mais peu Ă©tudiĂ© scientifiquement : le domaine de la RĂ©novation, et proposer aux acteurs de ce secteur des outils d’accompagnement forts pour leur permettre de rĂ©ussir leur transition numĂ©rique, enjeu majeur du XXIe siĂšcle. L’état de l’art initial a dĂ©montrĂ© que, dans un contexte liĂ© Ă  la diffusion d’un SystĂšme d’Information tel que le BIM, il Ă©tait indispensable de s’appuyer sur des leviers contribuant Ă  son implantation : les Facteurs ClĂ©s de SuccĂšs, les fondamentaux du management de projet, la rĂ©daction de Conventions BIM, l’Approche IntĂ©grĂ©e de Projet et enfin les ModĂšles de MaturitĂ©. Pour s’assurer de l’adĂ©quation entre ces diffĂ©rents leviers et les spĂ©cificitĂ©s de la RĂ©novation, une enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs d’un panel reprĂ©sentatif des petites entreprises qui le composent majoritairement. Elle a permis de confirmer l’état peu avancĂ© de ce secteur dans la transition numĂ©rique en raison de la taille des structures elles-mĂȘmes et de situations Ă©conomiques rĂ©duisant souvent l’horizon de projection. Les acteurs ne sont, par ailleurs, pas toujours conscients de la nĂ©cessitĂ© du changement (se satisfaisant gĂ©nĂ©ralement de la 2D et de procĂ©dĂ©s artisanaux) et sont donc peu enclins Ă  investir dans des solutions numĂ©riques telles que le BIM. En dĂ©pit des rĂ©ticences qui ont pu ĂȘtre exprimĂ©es, la plupart des acteurs ont toutefois bien conscience que pour tirer parti de la transition au lieu de la subir, il faut qu’ils puissent ĂȘtre dotĂ©s d’outils d’accompagnement spĂ©cifiques Ă  leurs usages et pratiques. Un rĂ©fĂ©rentiel permettant de mesurer leur maturitĂ© et ensuite de dĂ©finir de façon rĂ©aliste leurs propres objectifs de dĂ©veloppement : « BIM Maturity Model For Renovation » ou BiMÂČFR a donc Ă©tĂ© conçu. Le format choisi et la simplicitĂ© voulue de mise en Ɠuvre devraient permettre aux petites entreprises de facilement caractĂ©riser leur situation et d’identifier leurs points faibles et forts, puis d’élaborer les grandes lignes de plans d'action individuels et appropriĂ©s Ă  leurs activitĂ©s. Les facteurs clĂ©s de succĂšs Ă©tudiĂ©s et intĂ©grĂ©s en filigrane dans le BiMÂČFR sont les marqueurs et gages de succĂšs qui permettront aux entreprises de progresser au cours de la mise en Ɠuvre du BIM. Pour Ă©largir la portĂ©e de ce travail, une interface WEB libre permettant aux entreprises d’effectuer leur diagnostic de maturitĂ© BIM, a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e. Le site www.BiM2FR.eu, outre l’aide qu’il peut apporter aux entreprises, offre, par l’intermĂ©diaire des donnĂ©es collectĂ©es et Ă©changĂ©es, un grand nombre de perspectives de recherches

    Contribution to the implementation of BIM in renovation : Proposal of a BIM specific Maturity Model

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    Cette recherche a pour but de rĂ©pondre Ă  deux impĂ©ratifs : travailler pour un secteur d’activitĂ© porteur Ă©conomiquement, mais peu Ă©tudiĂ© scientifiquement : le domaine de la RĂ©novation, et proposer aux acteurs de ce secteur des outils d’accompagnement forts pour leur permettre de rĂ©ussir leur transition numĂ©rique, enjeu majeur du XXIe siĂšcle. L’état de l’art initial a dĂ©montrĂ© que, dans un contexte liĂ© Ă  la diffusion d’un SystĂšme d’Information tel que le BIM, il Ă©tait indispensable de s’appuyer sur des leviers contribuant Ă  son implantation : les Facteurs ClĂ©s de SuccĂšs, les fondamentaux du management de projet, la rĂ©daction de Conventions BIM, l’Approche IntĂ©grĂ©e de Projet et enfin les ModĂšles de MaturitĂ©. Pour s’assurer de l’adĂ©quation entre ces diffĂ©rents leviers et les spĂ©cificitĂ©s de la RĂ©novation, une enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs d’un panel reprĂ©sentatif des petites entreprises qui le composent majoritairement. Elle a permis de confirmer l’état peu avancĂ© de ce secteur dans la transition numĂ©rique en raison de la taille des structures elles-mĂȘmes et de situations Ă©conomiques rĂ©duisant souvent l’horizon de projection. Les acteurs ne sont, par ailleurs, pas toujours conscients de la nĂ©cessitĂ© du changement (se satisfaisant gĂ©nĂ©ralement de la 2D et de procĂ©dĂ©s artisanaux) et sont donc peu enclins Ă  investir dans des solutions numĂ©riques telles que le BIM. En dĂ©pit des rĂ©ticences qui ont pu ĂȘtre exprimĂ©es, la plupart des acteurs ont toutefois bien conscience que pour tirer parti de la transition au lieu de la subir, il faut qu’ils puissent ĂȘtre dotĂ©s d’outils d’accompagnement spĂ©cifiques Ă  leurs usages et pratiques. Un rĂ©fĂ©rentiel permettant de mesurer leur maturitĂ© et ensuite de dĂ©finir de façon rĂ©aliste leurs propres objectifs de dĂ©veloppement : « BIM Maturity Model For Renovation » ou BiMÂČFR a donc Ă©tĂ© conçu. Le format choisi et la simplicitĂ© voulue de mise en Ɠuvre devraient permettre aux petites entreprises de facilement caractĂ©riser leur situation et d’identifier leurs points faibles et forts, puis d’élaborer les grandes lignes de plans d'action individuels et appropriĂ©s Ă  leurs activitĂ©s. Les facteurs clĂ©s de succĂšs Ă©tudiĂ©s et intĂ©grĂ©s en filigrane dans le BiMÂČFR sont les marqueurs et gages de succĂšs qui permettront aux entreprises de progresser au cours de la mise en Ɠuvre du BIM. Pour Ă©largir la portĂ©e de ce travail, une interface WEB libre permettant aux entreprises d’effectuer leur diagnostic de maturitĂ© BIM, a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e. Le site www.BiM2FR.eu, outre l’aide qu’il peut apporter aux entreprises, offre, par l’intermĂ©diaire des donnĂ©es collectĂ©es et Ă©changĂ©es, un grand nombre de perspectives de recherches.This research aims to answer two imperatives: 1) promote an economically promising sector, Renovation, that has not been subject to much scientific study; and 2) offer companies in this sector useful tools to help them succeed in their digital transition, a major challenge of the 21st century. When it comes to disseminating an Information System such as BIM, it is essential to use levers that enhance its implementation: the Critical Success Factor, fundamentals of Project Management, drafting BIM Execution Plans, an Integrated Project Delivery approach and Maturity Models. To ensure the right fit between these different levers and the specific needs of the Renovation segment, we conducted a survey with a representative panel of small enterprises, predominant in this sector. This survey confirmed that the sector is still in the early days of digital transition due to the small size of companies and economic situations that often reduce visibility and the ability to make long-term investment decisions. Small renovation firms are not always aware of the need for change (they are generally satisfied with 2D drawings and artisanal processes) and are therefore reluctant to invest in digital solutions such as BIM. In spite of this, most stakeholders are aware that in order to benefit from the transition or risk being left behind, they must find support in tools specific to their uses and practices. To measure their maturity and then realistically define their own development objectives, we therefore developed a "BIM Maturity Model for Renovation" or BiMÂČFR. The format and ease of implementation should enable small enterprises to identify their situation, emphasize their strengths and weaknesses, and then outline individual action plans suited to their activities. The Critical Success Factors analyzed and presented within BiMÂČFR should guarantee successful progress as companies implement BIM. In order to broaden the scope of this work, we created a free web interface for companies to make their own BIM maturity diagnosis. The site www.BiM2FR.eu, in addition to helping these companies, offers us, through the data collected and exchanged, a large number of research opportunities

    Analyse du BIM appliqué à la rénovation

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    International audienceCet article s'intĂ©resse Ă  la pertinence d'une approche numĂ©rique de type BIM spĂ©cifique au marchĂ© de la rĂ©novation, trĂšs dynamique et diversifiĂ©, essentiellement portĂ© par de TrĂšs Petites Entreprises. L'Ă©tat de l'art montre que peu de rĂ©fĂ©rences scientifiques sont consacrĂ©es Ă  ce sujet, et que les technologies et outils disponibles, souvent trĂšs coĂ»teux, ne sont pas adaptĂ©s. L'article propose une dĂ©finition du pĂ©rimĂštre et des termes du domaine de la rĂ©novation, montre les intĂ©rĂȘts d'une approche BIM, et met en Ă©vidence le besoin d'un rĂ©fĂ©rentiel de maturitĂ© prĂ©alable Ă  la spĂ©cifi-cation d'outils et mĂ©thodes qu'il reste Ă  construire pour ce secteur

    Industry 4.0 and BIM: Do They Share the Same Objectives?

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