Marine Incursion: The Freshwater Herring of Lake Tanganyika Are the Product of a Marine Invasion into West Africa

The spectacular marine-like diversity of the endemic fauna of Lake Tanganyika, the oldest of the African Great Lakes, led early researchers to suggest that the lake must have once been connected to the ocean. Recent geophysical reconstructions clearly indicate that Lake Tanganyika formed by rifting in the African subcontinent and was never directly linked to the sea. Although the Lake has a high proportion of specialized endemics, the absence of close relatives outside Tanganyika has complicated phylogeographic reconstructions of the timing of lake colonization and intralacustrine diversification. The freshwater herring of Lake Tanganyika are members of a large group of pellonuline herring found in western and southern Africa, offering one of the best opportunities to trace the evolutionary history of members of Tanganyika's biota. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that herring colonized West Africa 25–50MYA, at the end of a major marine incursion in the region. Pellonuline herring subsequently experienced an evolutionary radiation in West Africa, spreading across the continent and reaching East Africa's Lake Tanganyika during its early formation. While Lake Tanganyika has never been directly connected with the sea, the endemic freshwater herring of the lake are the descendents of an ancient marine incursion, a scenario which may also explain the origin of other Tanganyikan endemics

Numerical accuracy of real inversion formulas for the Laplace transform

In this paper we investigate and compare a number of real inversion formulas for the Laplace transform. The focus is on the accuracy and applicability of the formulas for numerical inversion. In this contribution, we study the performance of the formulas for measures concentrated on a positive half-line to continue with measures on an arbitrary half-line

The Cape Town Carillon: A Forgotten Heritage

Ekonomiese En BestuurswetenskappeStatistiek & Aktuariele WetenskapPlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]

Active evidential calibration of binary SVM classifiers

International audienceEvidential calibration methods of binary classifiers improve upon probabilistic calibration methods by representing explicitly the calibration uncertainty due to the amount of training (labelled) data. This justified yet undesirable uncertainty can be reduced by adding training data, which are in general costly. Hence the need for strategies that, given a pool of unlabelled data, will point to interesting data to be labelled, i.e., to data inducing a drop in uncertainty greater than a random selection. Two such strategies are considered in this paper and applied to an ensemble of binary SVM classifiers on some classical binary classification datasets. Experimental results show the interest of the approach