Impact of supragingival therapy on subgingival microbial profile in smokers versus non-smokers with severe chronic periodontitis

The aim of this study was to assess subgingival microbiological changes in smokers versus non-smokers presenting severe chronic periodontitis after supragingival periodontal therapy (ST).Non-smokers (n=10) and smokers (n=10) presenting at least nine teeth with probing pocket depth (PPD) (≥5 mm), bleeding on probing (BoP), and no history of periodontal treatment in the last 6 months were selected. Clinical parameters assessed were plaque index (PI), BoP, PPD, relative gingival margin position (rGMP) and relative clinical attachment level (rCAL). Subgingival biofilm was collected before and 21 days after ST. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified with the universal primer pair, 27F and 1492R. Amplified genes were cloned, sequenced, and identified by comparison with known 16S rRNA sequences. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t and Chi-Square tests (α=5%).Clinically, ST promoted a significant reduction in PI and PPD, and gain of rCAL for both groups, with no significant intergroup difference. Microbiologically, at baseline, data analysis demonstrated that smokers harbored a higher proportion of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Bacteroidetes sp., Fusobacterium sp. and Tannerella forsythia and a lower number of cultivated phylotypes (p<0.05). Furthermore, non-smokers featured significant reductions in key phylotypes associated with periodontitis, whereas smokers presented more modest changes.Within the limits of the present study, ST promoted comparable clinical improvements in smokers and non-smokers with severe chronic periodontitis. However, in smokers, ST only slightly affected the subgingival biofilm biodiversity, as compared with non-smokers

Surgical treatment of the congenital dislocation of the hip after walking age: open reduction and Salter's osteotomy Tratamento cirúrgico da luxação congênita do quadril pós marcha: redução aberta e osteotomia de Salter

The congenital dislocation of the hip, after the function of weight bearing begins or walking phase requires surgical treatment, and one of the options is the open reduction combined to innominate osteotomy (Salter). In this study, the results of 18 patients, 22 surgically treated hips with congenital dislocation, were evaluated from 1989 and 1995, using innominate osteotomy, by Salter's technique after open reduction. The age of the patients at the time of surgery ranged from 12 to 30 months (age after march), mean age of 19 months. Fifteen were female and 3 were male, 4 patients had bilateral dislocation and in the remaining, 8 had their left hip dislocated and 6 had their right hip dislocated. The results were evaluated according to Dutoit et al.(3) clinical criteria and to Severin(12) radiological criteria, after a mean follow-up of 48 months. Eighteen percent of excellent clinical results (4); 54% of good results (12); 14% of regular results (3) and 14% of bad results(3) were obtained. As to the radiologic criteria, 36% of the hips were classified as excellent (8); 45% as good (10); 5% regular (1) and 14% bad (3). There were 3 cases of re-dislocation which were treated by a different surgical technique. No cases of infection, graft fracture and vascular or nervous injury were reported.<br>A luxação congênita do quadril (LCQ), após a marcha, requer o tratamento cirúrgico, sendo uma das opções a redução aberta associada a osteotomia do osso inominado (tipo Salter). Neste estudo foram avaliados 18 pacientes, 22 quadris, que apresentavam LCQ tratados cirurgicamente, entre 1989 e 1995, utilizando a osteotomia do osso inominado, pela técnica de Salter, pós redução aberta. A idade dos pacientes, na época da cirurgia, variou de 12 a 30 meses, com média de 19 meses, sendo 15 do sexo feminino e 3 do masculino, 4 pacientes tinham acometimento bilateral, sendo que nos demais, 8 tinham o quadril esquerdo acometido e 6 o lado direito. Os resultados foram avaliados segundo critérios clínicos de Dutoit et al.(3) e radiográficos de Severin(12), após um seguimento médio de 48 meses. Clinicamente foram obtidos 18% de resultados excelentes (4); 54% resultados bons (12); 14% regulares (3); e 14% ruins (3). Quanto aos critérios radiográficos, encontramos 36% dos quadris classificados como excelentes (8); 45% bons (10); 5% regulares (1); e 14% ruins(3). Como complicações foram constatados 3 casos de reluxação, tratados com outra técnica cirúrgica. Não foi observado nenhum caso de infecção, fratura do enxerto e lesão vascular ou nervosa