The effective management of national hydrometric data: experiences from the United Kingdom

Access to hydrometric information underpins many areas of effective water management. This paper explores the operational practices of one National Hydrological Information Service, the UK National River Flow Archive, in collating, managing and providing access to river flow data. An information lifecycle approach to hydrometric data management is advocated, with the paper detailing current UK procedures in the areas of: monitoring network design and development; data sensing and recording; validation and archival; synthesis and analysis and, data dissemination. The methods and policies outlined in this paper are widely transferable to other hydrological data archives around the world

Thermodynamic assessment of the Pb–Zn system

International audienc

Health Cost Risk: A Potential Solution To the Annuity Puzzle

We find that health cost risk lowers optimal annuity demand at retirement. If medical expenses can be sizeable early in retirement, full annuitisation at retirement is no longer optimal because agents do not have enough time to build a liquid wealth buffer. Furthermore, large deviations from optimal annuitisation levels lead to small utility differences. Our results suggest that health cost risk can explain a large proportion of empirically observed annuity choices. Finally, allowing additional annuitisation after retirement results in welfare gains of at most 2.5% when facing health cost risk, and negligible gains without this risk